Notes of JNCIP_OSPF
OSPF基本配置的3个问题:
-1)是否需要在loopback启用OSPF?
-2)loopback是否需要passive?
-3)是否需要配置RID?
JNCIP-M考试新变化:
I believe the only thing that maybe you can see different is the fact that beginning junos 8.5 the router-id is not longer advertised as a stub network in OSPF:
"Historically, JUNOS software automatically advertised a stub route to the interface from which the RID is obtained. This meant that you did not need to run an IGP instance on the loopback interface to advertise reachability to the RID. Starting with JUNOS Release 8.5, this behavior has changed. Now, whether you use an explicit or an automatically generated RID that is lo0-based, you need to enable OSPF on the loopback interface to advertise reachability to the related loopback address, even when it is the source of an automatically selected RID."
Also, there are some slight differences in OSPF authentication between the 5.2 (book version) and the 8.1 version.
Troubleshooting Adjacency Problems中无法更改fxp接口mtu,故无法做实验
Study Guide:
edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.10]
lab@r4# show
nssa {
default-lsa {
default-metric 10;
metric-type 2;
type-7;
}
这句中的default-metric 10起什么作用?如何进行检验?
Virtul Links:R3/R5两边分别配置ospf area 3,但是R5上还是收到10.0.4/22路由,但是从R7到R2不通
重启r4上的路由协议
run restart routing logical-router r4 immediately
RID是否需要配置?
JUNOS默认以lo0作为RID,无需配置
ospf下慎用int all
例如CaseStudy中R1要求10.0.5/24以外部路由宣告,而且R1的相应接口不能再建立邻居
什么时候需要配置router-id?
不希望lo0路由被宣告出去
手工配置RID有什么样的后果?
路由器不会为Lo0分配stub route,故这条路由(lo0)将无法传递出去,影响到loopback的连通性
如果此时要求lo0可达,则需要在lo0上启用ospf或者手动配置RID
如果lo0启用ospf会怎么样?
lo0会以network summary route形式对外宣告为stub network
不在lo0上启用ospf会怎么样?
lo0会以type 1 LSAs形式对外宣告为stub network
lo0是否需要宣告到ospf中?
JUNNOS宣告stub路由到RID网段,一般不需要
WHY is passive required?
1.不允许建立adjacency
2.避免产生不必要的hello报文,浪费系统资源
显示r3宣告的router LSA
关于RID选举
网络类型:
1.multipoint
(1)类型为P2MP,因为不具备broadcast能力,所以需要指明neighbor
(2)实际可以理解为类型是p2p,所以不会选举DR
(3)hello interval默认10秒
(4)配置要点:
HUB:
1.接口上multipoint,ospf中无需指明
2.配置neihgbor
SPOKE?
JUNOS需要配置neighbor,IOS不需要配置neighbor
2.NBMA
(1)实际上还是一种广播,所以要选举DR
(2)但因为是non-broadcast,所以还是需要指明neighbor
(3)hello interval默认30秒
(4)ATM & FR全互联的情况下使用(实际网络架构很少用这种类型,所以NBMA很少用到)
(5)配置要点:
1.在ospf接口中指明NBMA
2.指明neihgbor
3.不参选的priority设置为0
eligible的作用
1.只会对自认为可以做DR的路由器有影响:产生hello
2.对实际DR选举没有任何影响
3.保证hello报文只在DR-eligible中间传播
OSPF的non-preemptive特点
priority为128,配置R4的priority为200,此时R4不会抢占成为DR。
when to kick in?
网络断开
路由进程重启
STUB区域
Network summary LSAs (type 3s) are generated by ABRs to summarize their SPF cost to destinations within their attached areas.
解读:ABR创建到stub区域以外路由的summary路由,例如R3 & R4向AREA 10宣告area 1内的路由10.0.8/24
Other routers compute their SPF cost to each ABR, and then add (as in distance vector routing!) the metric received in summary LSAs to compute the shortest path to inter-area destinations.
解读:other routers指的是stub区域内的non-ABR路由器,例如AREA 10内的R1 & R2
1.ABR(R3 & R4)宣告了一条汇总路由10.0.8/24,metric为10
2.non-ABR(R1 & R4)首先计算自己到ABR的最短metric,然后将ABR宣告过来的metric相加,最后得出自己到10.0.8/24的metric
NSSA的本质
STUB不许external LSAs进来,同时也不允许external LSAs从自己到bone
NSSA允许
ASBR metric向NSSA以外区域宣告,例如为R1的静态路由设置metric
ABR metric向NSSA以内区域宣告,例如这里的R3 & R4配置的default-metric
OSPF & ISIS如何注入默认路由
1.OSPF在ABR上配置default-metric
2.ISIS无需配置,L1/L2 Router会自动向L1区域注入0/0路由
OSPF & ISIS关于loopback网段的宣告
1.OSPF的loopback地址默认会自动宣告到non-AREA 0区域中去
2.ISIS的loopback地址需要配置ISIS AREA
参考带宽计算
参考带宽/100,000,000bit=cost
例如,设置参考带宽为1G,则cost=1G/100,000,000bit=10
Juniper vs OSPF
1.rip对外宣告metric
场景:r1-r2,r1设置metric-out 1
Juniper:r1-r2之间的直连接口也算一跳,加上1,最后r2看到metric为2
CISCO:r2看到metric为1
2.DUAL-ABR/L1-L2 Router情况下,OSPF & ISIS如何选定默认ABR/L1-L2 Router
OSPF路由选择Router-ID较大的ABR
ISIS
3.area-range汇总路由的metric如何确定?
Juniper:由contributing route中子网最小的metric做为汇总metric
CISCO:由contributing route中子网最大的metric做为汇总metric
4.wide-metric中的contrbuting routes
ABR汇总:
1.汇总non-area 0内的物理网段
2.如果题目没有明确要求禁止汇总loopback,area内的loopback地址也要汇总
3.ABR-ABR之间的网段不汇总,而且ABR的loopback不汇总
4.如果physical & loopback地址不连续,可以发送两个aggregates
area 1内部网段
8.0 0000 1000.0000 0000
8.4 0000 1000.0000 0100
8.8 0000 1000.0000 1000
9.6 0000 1001.0000 0110
9.7 0000 1001.0000 0111
汇总掩码:8.0/23
3.5 0000 0011.0000 0101 (loopback@r5)
area 10内部网段
4.0 0000 0100.0000 0001
4.4
4.8
4.12
6.1 0000 0110.0000 0001
6.2 0000 0110.0000 0010
汇总掩码:4.0/22
ABR-ABR loopback interfaces
3.3 0000 0011.0000 0011
3.4 0000 0011.0000 0100
2.4 0000 0010.0000 0100