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Ruby语法基础教程目录

第一部分 Ruby 语言基础 ....................................................... 8

第一章  Ruby 语言概述 .......................................................... 8

§1.1 Ruby 的历史 ....................................................................... 8

§1.2 Ruby 名字的由来 ................................................................... 8

§1.3 Ruby 的特点 ....................................................................... 8

§1.4 Ruby 和 Python 的比较 ............................................................... 9

第二章  Ruby 编程环境 .......................................................... 9

§2.1 Ruby 的安装 ...................................................................... 9

§2.1.1 在 Windows 95/98/Me/XP 上安装 Ruby ........................................... 9

§2.1.2 在 Linux 上安装 Ruby ........................................................ 10

§2.2 运行 Ruby ....................................................................... 10

§2.2.1 使用 Ruby ................................................................. 10

§2.2.2 使用 FreeRIDE 和 SciTE ...................................................... 12

§2.2.3 使用 fxri ................................................................. 13

§2.3 Ruby-irb ........................................................................ 14

§2.4 Ruby-ri ......................................................................... 15

§2.5 RubyGems ........................................................................ 16

类与对象 ..................................................................... 17

§3.1 类的定义 ......................................................................... 17

§3.2 对象，属性和方法 ................................................................. 18

§3.3 继承 ............................................................................. 21

§3.4 特殊方法与特殊类 ................................................................. 23

§3.5 类变量与类方法 ................................................................... 24

§3.4 存取控制 ......................................................................... 25

§3.6 元类 ............................................................................. 27

§3.7 Ruby 的动态性 .................................................................... 28

§3.8 变量 ............................................................................. 29

§3.8.1 局部变量 ................................................................... 29

§3.8.2 实例变量 ................................................................... 30

§3.8.3 类变量 ..................................................................... 30

§3.8.4 全局变量 ................................................................... 31

§3.8.5 常量 ....................................................................... 31

§3.8 与定义有关的操作 ................................................................. 32

§3.8.1 alias ...................................................................... 32

§3.8.2 undef ...................................................................... 33

§3.8.3 defined? ................................................................... 34

第四章 基本类型 .............................................................. 37

§4.1 Array ............................................................................ 37

§4.2 Hash ............................................................................. 38

§4.3 Number ........................................................................... 39

§4.4 String ........................................................................... 40

§4.5 Range ............................................................................ 41

§4.6 Symbol ........................................................................... 42

§4.7 正则表达式 ....................................................................... 43

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第五章 代码块和迭代器 ........................................................ 44

§5.1 代码块 (Block) .................................................................... 44

§5.1.1  什么是代码块 ................................................................ 44

§5.1.2  代码块与对象 ................................................................ 44

§5.2 迭代器 (Iterator) ................................................................. 46

§5.2.1  什么是迭代器 ................................................................ 46

§5.2.2  使用迭代器 .................................................................. 46

§5.2.3 yield ....................................................................... 47

§5.2.4  编写自己的迭代器 ............................................................ 48

第六章 表达式 ................................................................ 49

§6.1 运算符 ........................................................................... 49

§6.2 命令替换 ......................................................................... 51

§6.3 赋值运算符 ....................................................................... 51

§6.4 并行赋值 ......................................................................... 53

§6.5 嵌套赋值 ......................................................................... 54

§6.6 其他赋值 ......................................................................... 54

§6.7 条件运算 ......................................................................... 54

§6.8 case 表达式 ...................................................................... 56

§6.9 循环 ............................................................................. 57

§6.9.1 Loop ........................................................................ 57

§6.9.2 While ....................................................................... 58

§6.9.3 Until ....................................................................... 58

§6.9.4 Iterator .................................................................... 58

§6.9.5 For..In ..................................................................... 59

§6.9.6 Break ， Redo ， Next ........................................................... 59

§6.9.7 Retry ....................................................................... 62

第七章 方法 .................................................................. 63

§7.1  运算符重定义 .................................................................. 65

§7.2  变长参数 ...................................................................... 65

§7.3  块调用 ........................................................................ 66

§7.4  方法返回值 .................................................................... 67

第八章 模块 .................................................................. 69

§8.1 名字空间 ......................................................................... 69

§8.2 mixin ............................................................................ 70

§8.3 使用 mixin ....................................................................... 71

§8.3.1 Comparable ................................................................. 71

§8.3.2 Enumerable ................................................................. 72

§8.3.3 Singleton .................................................................. 73

§8.4 Require, load 和 include .......................................................... 74

异常 75

§9.1  异常处理 .......................................................................... 75

§9.2  定义异常类 ........................................................................ 80

§9.3 catch 和 throw ..................................................................... 80

多任务处理 ................................................................... 81

§10.1 多线程处理 ...................................................................... 82

§10.1.1 线程创建 .................................................................. 82

§10.1.2 线程操作 .................................................................. 83

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§10.1.3 线程和异常 ................................................................ 84

§10.1.4 线程调度 .................................................................. 86

§10.1.5 线程同步 .................................................................. 87

§10.2 多进程处理 ...................................................................... 93

§10.2.1 进程创建 .................................................................. 94

基本 I/O 操作 ................................................................. 95

§11.1  使用 Kernel 模块处理 I/O 操作 ...................................................... 95

§11.2 文件处理 ......................................................................... 95

§11.3 StringIO ......................................................................... 96

§11.4 Socket ........................................................................... 97

第十二章 反射和对象空间 ...................................................... 98

§12.1 ObjectSpace 模块 ................................................................ 98

§12.2 察看类和对象的状态 .............................................................. 99

§12.3 动态方法调用 ................................................................... 102

§12.3.1 使用 send 方法 ............................................................ 102

§12.3.2 使用 Method 类和 UnboundMethod 类 .......................................... 103

§12.3.3 使用 eval 方法 ............................................................ 104

§12.3.4 性能 ..................................................................... 105

§12.4 Hook 和回调方法 ................................................................ 106

§12.4.1 什么是 Hook .............................................................. 106

§12.4.2 Ruby 中的 Hook ............................................................ 106

§11.4.2 回调方法 ................................................................. 107

§12.5 跟踪程序的运行 ................................................................. 108

§12.5.1 set_trace_func ........................................................... 108

§12.5.2 trace_var ................................................................ 109

§12.5.3 caller ................................................................... 109

§12.5.3 __FILE__,__LINE__ 和 SCRIPT_LINES__ ........................................ 109

第十三章 序列化和 YAML ...................................................... 110

§13.1 序列化的概念 ................................................................... 110

§13.2 使用序列化 ..................................................................... 110

§13.2.1 二进制数据保存 ........................................................... 110

§13.2.2 YAML 数据保存 ............................................................ 111

§13.3 定制序列化 ..................................................................... 112

§13.3.1 二进制数据保存 ........................................................... 112

§13.3.2 YAML 数据保存 ............................................................ 113

§13.3 YAML ........................................................................... 114

§13.3.1 集合类型 ................................................................. 115

§13.3.2 单行集合类型 ............................................................. 118

§13.3.3 基本类型 ................................................................. 118

§13.3.4 块 ....................................................................... 119

§13.3.5 别名和锚（ Aliases and Anchors ） .......................................... 119

§13.3.6 文档 ..................................................................... 119

§13.3.7 Ruby 中 YAML 的使用 ........................................................ 119

第十四章 安全控制 ........................................................... 120

§14.1 0 级 ........................................................................... 121

§14.1 1 级 ........................................................................... 121

§14.2 2 级 ........................................................................... 121

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§14.3 3 级 ........................................................................... 121

§14.4 4 级 ........................................................................... 121

第十五章 单元测试 ........................................................... 122

§15.1 什么是单元测试 ................................................................. 122

§15.2 Ruby 单元测试框架 .............................................................. 122

第二部分 内置类与模块 ...................................................... 122

第一章 内置类 ............................................................... 122

§1.1 Array ............................................................................ 122

§1.2 Bignum ........................................................................... 123

§1.3 Binding .......................................................................... 123

§1.4 Class ............................................................................ 123

§1.5 Continuation ..................................................................... 123

§1.6 Dir .............................................................................. 125

§1.7 Exception ........................................................................ 125

§1.8 FalseClass ....................................................................... 125

§1.9 File ............................................................................. 125

§1.10 File::Stat ...................................................................... 125

§1.11 Fixnum .......................................................................... 125

§1.12 Float ........................................................................... 125

§1.13 Hash ............................................................................ 125

§1.14 Integer ......................................................................... 125

§1.15 IO .............................................................................. 125

§1.16 MatchData ....................................................................... 125

§1.17 Method .......................................................................... 125

§1.18 Module .......................................................................... 125

§1.19 NilClass ........................................................................ 126

§1.20 Numeric ......................................................................... 126

§1.21 Object .......................................................................... 126

§1.22 Proc ............................................................................ 126

§1.23 Process::Status ................................................................. 126

§1.24 Range ........................................................................... 126

§1.25 Regexp .......................................................................... 126

§1.26 String .......................................................................... 126

§1.27 Struct .......................................................................... 126

§1.28 Struct::Tms ..................................................................... 126

§1.29 Symbol .......................................................................... 126

§1.30 Thread .......................................................................... 126

§1.31 ThreadGroup ..................................................................... 126

§1.32 Time ............................................................................ 127

§1.33 TrueClass ....................................................................... 127

§1.34 UnboundMethod ................................................................... 127

第二章 内置模块 ............................................................. 128

§2.1 Comparable ....................................................................... 128

§2.2 Enumerable ....................................................................... 128

§2.3 Error ............................................................................ 128

§2.4 FileTest ......................................................................... 128

§2.5 GC ............................................................................... 128

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§2.6 Kernel ........................................................................... 128

§2.7 Marshal .......................................................................... 128

§2.8 Math ............................................................................. 128

§2.9 ObjectSpace ...................................................................... 128

§2.10 Process ......................................................................... 128

§2.11 Process ：： GID .................................................................. 128

§2.12 Process ：： Sys .................................................................. 128

§2.13 Process ：： UID .................................................................. 129

§2.14 Signal .......................................................................... 129

第三部分 Ruby 语言总结 ..................................................... 130

附录 134

§1 术语对照 .......................................................................... 134

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