perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- BASIC DOCUMENTATION

- perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
- perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
- perlbook - Perl book information
- perlsyn - Perl syntax
- perldata - Perl data types
- perlop - Perl operators and precedence
- perlsub - Perl subroutines
- perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
- perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
- perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
- perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
- perlpod - plain old documentation
- perlstyle - Perl style guide
- perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
- perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
- perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
- perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
- perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
- perldebug - Perl debugging
- perlvar - Perl predefined variables
- perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
- perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
- perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
- perlre - Perl regular expressions
- perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
- perlform - Perl formats
- perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
- perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
- perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
- perlobj - Perl objects
- perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
- perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
- perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
- perlfork - Perl's `fork()` emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
- perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
- perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
- perlport - Writing portable Perl
- perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
- perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
- perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
- perlsec - Perl security
- perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
- perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
- perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
- perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
- perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
- perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
- perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
- perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
- perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
- perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
- perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
- perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
- perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
- perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
- perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
- perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
- perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
- perlxs - XS language reference manual
- perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
- perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
- perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
- perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
- perlfilter - Source Filters
- perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
- perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
- perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal
- perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
- perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
- perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
- perlhist - the Perl history records
- perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6
- perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
- perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
- perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
- perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
- perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
- perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
- perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
- perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
- perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
- perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
- perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
- perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

- SYNOPSIS

- perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
- perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
- perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
- perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
- perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
- perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
- perlwin32 - Perl under Win32

- PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

- attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
- re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
- attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
- attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
- autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
- base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
- blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
- bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
- charnames - define character names for `\N{named}` string literal
- constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
- diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
- fields - compile-time class fields
- filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
- integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
- less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
- lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
- locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
- open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
- ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
- overload - Package for overloading perl operations
- re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
- sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
- strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
- subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
- utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
- vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
- warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
- warnings::register - warnings import function

- MODULE DOCUMENTATION

- AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
- AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
- AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
- B - The Perl Compiler
- B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
- B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
- B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
- B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
- B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
- B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
- B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
- B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
- B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
- B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
- B::Lint - Perl lint
- B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
- B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
- B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
- B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
- B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
- B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
- Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
- Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
- ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
- Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
- CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
- CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
- CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
- CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
- CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
- CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
- CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
- CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
- CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
- CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
- CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
- CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
- Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
- Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
- Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
- Config - access Perl configuration information
- Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
- DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
- DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
- Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
- Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
- Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
- Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
- DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
- Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
- DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
- DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
- English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
- Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
- Errno - System errno constants
- Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
- Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
- ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
- ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
- ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
- ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
- ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
- ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
- ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
- ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
- ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
- ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
- ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
- ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
- ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
- ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
- ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
- ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
- ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
- Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
- Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
- File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
- File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
- File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
- File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
- File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
- File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
- File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
- File::Path - create or remove directory trees
- File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
- File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
- File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
- File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
- File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
- File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
- File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
- File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
- File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
- File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `stat()` functions
- FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
- FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
- FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
- GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
- Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
- Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
- I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
- IO - load various IO modules
- IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
- IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
- IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
- IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
- IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
- IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
- IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
- IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
- IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
- IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
- IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
- IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
- IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
- IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
- IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
- IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
- IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
- IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
- IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
- IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
- IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
- IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
- IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
- IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
- IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
- IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
- IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
- Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
- Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
- Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
- Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
- NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
- Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
- Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
- Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
- Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
- Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
- O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
- ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
- Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
- Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
- Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
- POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
- Pod::Checker, `podchecker()` - check pod documents for syntax errors
- Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
- Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
- Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
- Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
- Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
- Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
- Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
- Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
- Pod::Select, `podselect()` - extract selected sections of POD from
- Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
- Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
- Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
- Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
- Pod::Usage, `pod2usage()` - print a usage message from embedded pod
- SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
- Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
- Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
- SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
- SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
- Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
- Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
- Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
- Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
- Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
- Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
- Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
- Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
- Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
- Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline` packages. If
- Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
- Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
- Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
- Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
- Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
- Text::Tabs - expand and unexpand tabs per the unix `expand(1)` and
- Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
- Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
- Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
- Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
- Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
- Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
- Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
- Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
- Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
- Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
- Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
- Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
- Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
- Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `gmtime()`
- Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `localtime()`
- Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
- UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
- User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
- User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
- Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
- XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

- AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
- AUTHOR

# NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

# DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

# BASIC DOCUMENTATION

## perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES

## perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $)

DESCRIPTION
  perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
  the perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions About Perl
  the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
  the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools
  the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation
  the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats
  the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps
  the perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues
  the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interaction
  the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking
About the perlfaq documents
  Where to get the perlfaq
  How to contribute to the perlfaq
  What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
  Bundled Distributions
  Disclaimer
Changes
  1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

## perlbook - Perl book information

DESCRIPTION

## perlsyn - Perl syntax

DESCRIPTION
  Declarations
  Simple statements
  Compound statements
  Loop Control
  For Loops
  Foreach Loops
  Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
  Goto
  PODs: Embedded Documentation
  Plain Old Comments (Not!)

## perldata - Perl data types

DESCRIPTION
  Variable names
  Context
  Scalar values
  Scalar value constructors
  List value constructors
  Slices
  Typeglobs and Filehandles
SEE ALSO

## perlop - Perl operators and precedence

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
  The Arrow Operator
  Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
  Exponentiation
  Symbolic Unary Operators
  Binding Operators
  Multiplicative Operators
  Additive Operators
  Shift Operators
  Named Unary Operators
  Relational Operators
  Equality Operators
  Bitwise And
  Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
  C-style Logical And
  C-style Logical Or
  Range Operators
  Conditional Operator
  Assignment Operators
  Comma Operator
  List Operators (Rightward)
  Logical Not
  Logical And
  Logical or and Exclusive Or
  C Operators Missing From Perl
    unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

  Quote and Quote-like Operators
  Regexp Quote-Like Operators
    ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, `'STRING'`, qq/STRING/, ``STRING'', qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds

  Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
    Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'`, `m''`, `s'''`, `tr///`, `y///`, `''`, `q//`, `""`, ````, `qq//`, `qx//`, `<file*glob>`, `?RE?`, `/RE/`, `m/RE/`, `s/RE/foo/`,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions

  I/O Operators
  Constant Folding
  Bitwise String Operators
  Integer Arithmetic
  Floating-point Arithmetic
  Bigger Numbers

## perlsub - Perl subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Private Variables via `my()`
  Persistent Private Variables
  Temporary Values via `local()`
  Lvalue subroutines
  Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
  When to Still Use `local()`
  Pass by Reference
  Prototypes
  Constant Functions
  Overriding Built-in Functions
  Autoloading
  Subroutine Attributes
SEE ALSO

## perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

DESCRIPTION
  Perl Functions by Category
    Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5

  Portability
  Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
    -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

## perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

DESCRIPTION
Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
The Solution
Syntax
  Making References
  Using References
An Example
Arrow Rule
Solution
The Rest
Summary
Credits
  Distribution Conditions

## perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

DESCRIPTION
  arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict`
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
  Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
  Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
  Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
HASHES OF ARRAYS
  Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
  Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
  Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
ARRAYS OF HASHES
  Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
  Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
  Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
  Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
  Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
  Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
  Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
  Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
  Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

DESCRIPTION
The Guide
  Simple word matching
  Using character classes
  Matching this or that
  Grouping things and hierarchical matching
  Extracting matches
  Matching repetitions
  More matching
  Search and replace
  The split operator
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
  Acknowledgments

## perlpod - plain old documentation

DESCRIPTION
  Verbatim Paragraph
  Command Paragraph
  Ordinary Block of Text
  The Intent
  Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
  Common Pod Pitfalls
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## perlstyle - Perl style guide

DESCRIPTION

## perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

DESCRIPTION
  Awk Traps
  C Traps
  Sed Traps
  Shell Traps
  Perl Traps
  Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
    Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

  Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
    Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance

  Parsing Traps
    Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

  Numerical Traps
    Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops

  General data type traps
    (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

  Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
    (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)

  Precedence Traps
    Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence

  General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
    Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression

  Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
    (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), `warn()` won't let you specify a filehandle

  OS Traps
    (SysV), (SysV)

  Interpolation Traps
    Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

  DBM Traps
    DBM, DBM

  Unclassified Traps
    `require`/`do` trap using returned value, `split` on empty string with LIMIT specified

## perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
    OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

  Location of Perl
  Command Switches
    -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d: foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V: name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory

ENVIRONMENT
  HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

## perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION

## perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

DESCRIPTION
  Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
  What's wrong with -w and `$^W`
  Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
    -w, -W, -X

  Backward Compatibility
  Category Hierarchy
  Fatal Warnings
  Reporting Warnings from a Module
TODO
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

DESCRIPTION
use strict
Looking at data and -w and w
help
Stepping through code
Placeholder for a, w, t, T
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
OUTPUT TIPS
CGI
GUIs
SUMMARY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CONTRIBUTORS

## perldebug - Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
  Debugger Commands
    h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]

  Configurable Options
    `recallCommand`, `ShellBang`, `pager`, `tkRunning`, `signalLevel`, `warnLevel`, `dieLevel`, `AutoTrace`, `LineInfo`, `inhibit_exit`, `PrintRet`, `ornaments`, `frame`, `maxTraceLen`, `arrayDepth`, `hashDepth`, `compactDump`, `veryCompact`, `globPrint`, `DumpDBFiles`, `DumpPackages`, `DumpReused`, `quote`, `HighBit`, `undefPrint`, `UsageOnly`, `TTY`, `noTTY`, `ReadLine`, `NonStop`

  Debugger input/output
    Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing

  Debugging compile-time statements
  Debugger Customization
  Readline Support
  Editor Support for Debugging
  The Perl Profiler
Debugging regular expressions
Debugging memory usage
SEE ALSO
BUGS

## perlvar - Perl predefined variables

DESCRIPTION
  Predefined Names
    $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $``, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, `$`` is the same as `substr($var, 0, $-[0])`, `$&` is the same as `substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])`, `$'` is the same as `substr($var, $+[0])`, `$1` is the same as `substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])`, `$2` is the same as `substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])`, `$3` is the same as `substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])`, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}

  Error Indicators
  Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
BUGS

## perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

DESCRIPTION
  Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
  Growing Your Own
  Access and Printing
  Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

DESCRIPTION
Open à la shell
  Simple Opens
  Pipe Opens
  The Minus File
  Mixing Reads and Writes
  Filters
Open à la C
  Permissions à la mode
Obscure Open Tricks
  Re-Opening Files (dups)
  Dispelling the Dweomer
  Paths as Opens
  Single Argument Open
  Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
Other I/O Issues
  Opening Non-File Files
  Binary Files
  File Locking
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
HISTORY

## perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

DESCRIPTION
Part 1: The basics
  Simple word matching
  Using character classes
  Matching this or that
  Grouping things and hierarchical matching
  Extracting matches
  Matching repetitions
  Building a regexp
  Using regular expressions in Perl
Part 2: Power tools
  More on characters, strings, and character classes
  Compiling and saving regular expressions
  Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
  Non-capturing groupings
  Looking ahead and looking behind
  Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
  Conditional expressions
  A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
  Pragmas and debugging
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
  Acknowledgments

## perlre - Perl regular expressions

DESCRIPTION
  i, m, s, x
  Regular Expressions
    cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

  Extended Patterns
    `(?#text)`, `(?imsx-imsx)`, `(?:pattern)`, `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)`, `(?=pattern)`, `(?!pattern)`, `(?<=pattern)`, `(?<!pattern)`, `(?{ code })`, `(??{ code })`, `(?>pattern)`, `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)`, `(?(condition)yes-pattern)`

  Backtracking
  Version 8 Regular Expressions
  Warning on \1 vs $1
  Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
  Combining pieces together
    `ST`, `S|T`, `S{REPEAT_COUNT}`, `S{min,max}`, `S{min,max}?`, `S?`, `S*`, `S+`, `S??`, `S*?`, `S+?`, `(?>S)`, `(?=S)`, `(?<=S)`, `(?!S)`, `(?<!S)`, `(??{ EXPR })`, `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)`

  Creating custom RE engines
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

NOTE
DESCRIPTION
  Making References
  Using References
  Symbolic references
  Not-so-symbolic references
  Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
  Function Templates
WARNING
SEE ALSO

## perlform - Perl formats

DESCRIPTION
  Format Variables
NOTES
  Footers
  Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS

## perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

DESCRIPTION
  If we could talk to the animals...
  Introducing the method invocation arrow
  Invoking a barnyard
  The extra parameter of method invocation
  Calling a second method to simplify things
  Inheriting the windpipes
  A few notes about @ISA
  Overriding the methods
  Starting the search from a different place
  The SUPER way of doing things
  Where we're at so far...
  A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
  Invoking an instance method
  Accessing the instance data
  How to build a horse
  Inheriting the constructor
  Making a method work with either classes or instances
  Adding parameters to a method
  More interesting instances
  A horse of a different color
  Summary
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

## perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
  Object Representation
  Class Interface
  Constructors and Instance Methods
  Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
  Destructors
  Other Object Methods
Class Data
  Accessing Class Data
  Debugging Methods
  Class Destructors
  Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
  Overridden Methods
  Multiple Inheritance
  UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
  Arrays as Objects
  Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
  Autoloaded Data Methods
  Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
  Class::Struct
  Data Members as Variables
NOTES
  Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT
  Acknowledgments

## perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

DESCRIPTION
Class Data in a Can
Class Data as Package Variables
  Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
  Inheritance Concerns
  The Eponymous Meta-Object
  Indirect References to Class Data
  Monadic Classes
  Translucent Attributes
Class Data as Lexical Variables
  Privacy and Responsibility
  File-Scoped Lexicals
  More Inheritance Concerns
  Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
  Translucency Revisited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HISTORY

## perlobj - Perl objects

DESCRIPTION
  An Object is Simply a Reference
  A Class is Simply a Package
  A Method is Simply a Subroutine
  Method Invocation
  WARNING
  Default UNIVERSAL methods
    isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

  Destructors
  Summary
  Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO

## perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION

## perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Tying Scalars
    TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

  Tying Arrays
    TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

  Tying Hashes
    USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

  Tying FileHandles
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

  UNTIE this
  The `untie` Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR

## perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
  WARNING
Using `open()` for IPC
  Filehandles
  Background Processes
  Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
  Safe Pipe Opens
  Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
  Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
  Internet Line Terminators
  Internet TCP Clients and Servers
  Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
  A Simple Client
    `Proto`, `PeerAddr`, `PeerPort`

  A Webget Client
  Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
  Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlfork - Perl's `fork()` emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
    $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, `chdir()` and all other builtins that accept filenames, `wait()` and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets

  Resource limits
  Killing the parent process
  Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
  CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
    BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe `open()` not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations
  Arithmetic operators except, `no integer`, Arithmetic operators except, `use integer`, Bitwise operators, `no integer`, Bitwise operators, `use integer`, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

DESCRIPTION
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
  Boss/Worker
  Work Crew
  Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are perl threads?
Threadsafe Modules
Thread Basics
  Basic Thread Support
  Creating Threads
  Giving up control
  Waiting For A Thread To Exit
  Errors In Threads
  Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
  Shared And Unshared Data
  Thread Pitfall: Races
  Controlling access: `lock()`
  Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
  Queues: Passing Data Around
Threads And Code
  Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
    Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores

  Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
  Subroutine Locks
  Methods
  Locking A Subroutine
General Thread Utility Routines
  What Thread Am I In?
  Thread IDs
  Are These Threads The Same?
  What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Conclusion
Bibliography
  Introductory Texts
  OS-Related References
  Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights

## perlport - Writing portable Perl

DESCRIPTION
  Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable

ISSUES
  Newlines
  Numbers endianness and Width
  Files and Filesystems
  System Interaction
  Interprocess Communication (IPC)
  External Subroutines (XS)
  Standard Modules
  Time and Date
  Character sets and character encoding
  Internationalisation
  System Resources
  Security
  Style
CPAN Testers
  Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/

PLATFORMS
  Unix
  DOS and Derivatives
  Mac OS
  VMS
  VOS
  EBCDIC Platforms
  Acorn RISC OS
  Other perls
FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
  Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
    -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

CHANGES
  v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

Supported Platforms
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
VERSION

## perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
  The use locale pragma
  The setlocale function
  Finding locales
  LOCALE PROBLEMS
  Temporarily fixing locale problems
  Permanently fixing locale problems
  Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
  Fixing system locale configuration
  The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
  Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
  Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
  Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
  Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
  LC_TIME
  Other categories
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
  PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

NOTES
  Backward compatibility
  I18N:Collate obsolete
  Sort speed and memory use impacts
  `write()` and LC_NUMERIC
  Freely available locale definitions
  I18n and l10n
  An imperfect standard
BUGS
  Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)

DESCRIPTION
  Important Caveat
    Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, `use utf8` still needed to enable a few features

  Byte and Character semantics
  Effects of character semantics
  Character encodings for input and output
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO

## perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

DESCRIPTION
COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
  ASCII
  ISO 8859
  Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
  EBCDIC
    - variant characters
  POSIX-BC
SINGLE OCTET TABLES
  recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4

IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
CONVERSIONS
  tr///
  iconv
  C RTL
OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
  chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), `unpack()`

REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
SOCKETS
SORTING
  Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
  MONO CASE then sort data.
  Convert, sort data, then re convert.
  Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
TRANFORMATION FORMATS
  URL decoding and encoding
  uu encoding and decoding
  Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
  Caesarian cyphers
Hashing order and checksums
I18N AND L10N
MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
OS ISSUES
  OS/400
    IFS access

  OS/390
    chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales

  VM/ESA?
  POSIX-BC?
BUGS
SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
AUTHOR

## perlsec - Perl security

DESCRIPTION
  Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
  Switches On the ``#!'' Line
  Cleaning Up Your Path
  Security Bugs
  Protecting Your Programs
SEE ALSO

## perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

DESCRIPTION
  Packages
  Symbol Tables
  Package Constructors and Destructors
  Perl Classes
  Perl Modules
SEE ALSO

## perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
  Pragmatic Modules
    attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register

  Standard Modules
    AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32

  Extension Modules
CPAN
  Africa
  Asia
  Central America
  Europe
  North America
  Oceania
  South America
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
  Guidelines for Module Creation
    Adding a Copyright Notice

  Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
  Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
NOTE

## perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

DESCRIPTION
  PREAMBLE
    DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

PORTABILITY
HEY
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

DESCRIPTION
  Warning
  What should I make into a module?
  Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
    Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

  Step-by-step: Making the module
    Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README

  Step-by-step: Distributing your module
    Get a CPAN user ID, `perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist`, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION
  What is Perl?
  Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
  Which version of Perl should I use?
  What are perl4 and perl5?
  What is perl6?
  How stable is Perl?
  Is Perl difficult to learn?
  How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
  Can I do [task] in Perl?
  When shouldn't I program in Perl?
  What's the difference between ``perl'' and ``Perl''?
  Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
  What is a JAPH?
  Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
  How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)

DESCRIPTION
  What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
  How can I get a binary version of Perl?
  I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
  I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
  I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
  What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
  Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
  Where can I get information on Perl?
  What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
  Where should I post source code?
  Perl Books
    References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

  Perl in Magazines
  Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
  What mailing lists are there for Perl?
  Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
  Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
  Where do I send bug reports?
  What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I do (anything)?
  How can I use Perl interactively?
  Is there a Perl shell?
  How do I debug my Perl programs?
  How do I profile my Perl programs?
  How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
  Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
  Is there a ctags for Perl?
  Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
    CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic, visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha

  Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
  Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
  How can I use curses with Perl?
  How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
  How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
  What is undump?
  How can I make my Perl program run faster?
  How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
  Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
  How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
  How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
  How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
  How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
  How can I compile Perl into Java?
  How can I get `#!perl` to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
  Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
  Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
  Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
  Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
  Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
  I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
  When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
  What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:37:49 $)

DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
  Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
  Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
  Does Perl have a `round()` function? What about `ceil()` and floor()? Trig functions?
  How do I convert bits into ints?
  Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
  How do I multiply matrices?
  How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
  How can I output Roman numerals?
  Why aren't my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
  How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
  How do I find the current century or millennium?
  How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
  How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
  How can I find the Julian Day?
  How do I find yesterday's date?
  Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
Data: Strings
  How do I validate input?
  How do I unescape a string?
  How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
  How do I expand function calls in a string?
  How do I find matching/nesting anything?
  How do I reverse a string?
  How do I expand tabs in a string?
  How do I reformat a paragraph?
  How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
  How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
  How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
  How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
  How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
  How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
  How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
  How do I extract selected columns from a string?
  How do I find the soundex value of a string?
  How can I expand variables in text strings?
  What's wrong with always quoting ``$vars''?
  Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
    1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

Data: Arrays
  What is the difference between a list and an array?
  What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
  How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
    a), b), c), d), e)

  How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
  How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
  How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
  How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
  How do I handle linked lists?
  How do I handle circular lists?
  How do I shuffle an array randomly?
  How do I process/modify each element of an array?
  How do I select a random element from an array?
  How do I permute N elements of a list?
  How do I sort an array by (anything)?
  How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
  Why does `defined()` return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
  How do I process an entire hash?
  What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
  How do I look up a hash element by value?
  How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
  How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
  How can I always keep my hash sorted?
  What's the difference between ``delete'' and ``undef'' with hashes?
  Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
  How do I reset an `each()` operation part-way through?
  How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
  How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
  How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
  Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
  How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
  How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
  How do I handle binary data correctly?
  How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
  How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
  How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
  How do I define methods for every class/object?
  How do I verify a credit card checksum?
  How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
  How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
  How do I count the number of lines in a file?
  How do I make a temporary file name?
  How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
  How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
  How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
  How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
  How can I `write()` into a string?
  How can I output my numbers with commas added?
  How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
  How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
  Why do I sometimes get an ``Argument list too long'' when I use <*>?
  Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
  How can I open a file with a leading ``>'' or trailing blanks?
  How can I reliably rename a file?
  How can I lock a file?
  Why can't I just open(FH, ``>file.lock'')?
  I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
  How do I randomly update a binary file?
  How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
  How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
  How do I print to more than one file at once?
  How can I read in an entire file all at once?
  How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
  How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
  How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
  How do I do a `tail -f` in perl?
  How do I `dup()` a filehandle in Perl?
  How do I close a file descriptor by number?
  Why can't I use ``C:\temp\foo'' in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
  Why doesn't `glob(``*.*'')` get all the files?
  Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does `-i` clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
  How do I select a random line from a file?
  Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?
    Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters

  I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
  How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
  I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
  How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
  How can I make `\w` match national character sets?
  How can I match a locale-smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/`?
  How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
  What is `/o` really for?
  How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
  Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
  What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
  How do I process each word on each line?
  How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
  How can I do approximate matching?
  How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
  Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b` work for me?
  Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
  What good is `\G` in a regular expression?
  Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
  What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
  How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
  How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)

DESCRIPTION
  Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
  What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
  Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
  How do I skip some return values?
  How do I temporarily block warnings?
  What's an extension?
  Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
  How do I declare/create a structure?
  How do I create a module?
  How do I create a class?
  How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
  What's a closure?
  What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
  How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?
    Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods

  How do I create a static variable?
  What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between `local()` and my()?
  How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
  What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
  Why doesn't ``my($foo) = <FILE>;'' work right?
  How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
  What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
  How do I create a switch or case statement?
  How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
  Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
  How can I find out my current package?
  How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
  How do I clear a package?
  How can I use a variable as a variable name?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 18:37:57 $)

DESCRIPTION
  How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
  How come `exec()` doesn't return?
  How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
    Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

  How do I print something out in color?
  How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
  How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
  How do I clear the screen?
  How do I get the screen size?
  How do I ask the user for a password?
  How do I read and write the serial port?
    lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

  How do I decode encrypted password files?
  How do I start a process in the background?
    STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

  How do I trap control characters/signals?
  How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
  How do I set the time and date?
  How can I `sleep()` or `alarm()` for under a second?
  How can I measure time under a second?
  How can I do an `atexit()` or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
  Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message ``Protocol not supported'' mean?
  How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
  Where do I get the include files to do `ioctl()` or syscall()?
  Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
  How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
  Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
  How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
  Why doesn't `open()` return an error when a pipe open fails?
  What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
  How can I call backticks without shell processing?
  Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
  How can I convert my shell script to perl?
  Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
  How can I write expect in Perl?
  Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as ``ps''?
  I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
    Unix

  How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
  How do I fork a daemon process?
  How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
  How do I timeout a slow event?
  How do I set CPU limits?
  How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
  How do I use an SQL database?
  How do I make a `system()` exit on control-C?
  How do I open a file without blocking?
  How do I install a module from CPAN?
  What's the difference between require and use?
  How do I keep my own module/library directory?
  How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
  How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
  What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION
  My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
  How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
  How do I remove HTML from a string?
  How do I extract URLs?
  How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
  How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
  How do I fetch an HTML file?
  How do I automate an HTML form submission?
  How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
  How do I redirect to another page?
  How do I put a password on my web pages?
  How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
  How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
  How do I parse a mail header?
  How do I decode a CGI form?
  How do I check a valid mail address?
  How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
  How do I return the user's mail address?
  How do I send mail?
  How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
  How do I read mail?
  How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
  How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
  How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
  How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

## perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

DESCRIPTION
  Layout
    B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

Using The Back Ends
  The Cross Referencing Back End
    i, &, s, r

  The Decompiling Back End
  The Lint Back End
  The Simple C Back End
  The Bytecode Back End
  The Optimized C Back End
    B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

KNOWN PROBLEMS
AUTHOR

## perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

DESCRIPTION
  PREAMBLE
    Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

  ROADMAP
  Compiling your C program
  Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
  Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
  Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
  Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
  Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
  Maintaining a persistent interpreter
  Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
  Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION
Debugger Internals
  Writing Your Own Debugger
Frame Listing Output Examples
Debugging regular expressions
  Compile-time output
    `anchored` STRING `at` POS, `floating` STRING `at` POS1..POS2, `matching floating/anchored`, `minlen`, `stclass` TYPE, `noscan`, `isall`, `GPOS`, `plus`, `implicit`, `with eval`, `anchored(TYPE)`

  Types of nodes
  Run-time output
Debugging Perl memory usage
  Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}`
    `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)`, Free/Used, `Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS`, `pad: 0`, `heads: 2192`, `chain: 0`, `tail: 6144`

  Example of using -DL switch
    `717`, `002`, `054`, `602`, `702`, `704`

  -DL details
    `!!!`, `!!`, `!`

  Limitations of -DL statistics
SEE ALSO

## perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

DESCRIPTION
SPECIAL NOTES
  make
  Version caveat
  Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
TUTORIAL
  EXAMPLE 1
  EXAMPLE 2
  What has gone on?
  Writing good test scripts
  EXAMPLE 3
  What's new here?
  Input and Output Parameters
  The XSUBPP Program
  The TYPEMAP file
  Warning about Output Arguments
  EXAMPLE 4
  What has happened here?
  Anatomy of .xs file
  Getting the fat out of XSUBs
  More about XSUB arguments
  The Argument Stack
  Extending your Extension
  Documenting your Extension
  Installing your Extension
  EXAMPLE 5
  New Things in this Example
  EXAMPLE 6
  New Things in this Example
  EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
  EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
  EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
  Troubleshooting these Examples
See also
Author
  Last Changed

## perlxs - XS language reference manual

DESCRIPTION
  Introduction
  On The Road
  The Anatomy of an XSUB
  The Argument Stack
  The RETVAL Variable
  The MODULE Keyword
  The PACKAGE Keyword
  The PREFIX Keyword
  The OUTPUT: Keyword
  The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
  The CODE: Keyword
  The INIT: Keyword
  The NO_INIT Keyword
  Initializing Function Parameters
  Default Parameter Values
  The PREINIT: Keyword
  The SCOPE: Keyword
  The INPUT: Keyword
  The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
  Variable-length Parameter Lists
  The C_ARGS: Keyword
  The PPCODE: Keyword
  Returning Undef And Empty Lists
  The REQUIRE: Keyword
  The CLEANUP: Keyword
  The POST_CALL: Keyword
  The BOOT: Keyword
  The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
  The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
  The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
  The ALIAS: Keyword
  The INTERFACE: Keyword
  The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
  The INCLUDE: Keyword
  The CASE: Keyword
  The & Unary Operator
  Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
  Using XS With C++
  Interface Strategy
  Perl Objects And C Structures
  The Typemap
EXAMPLES
XS VERSION
AUTHOR

## perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

DESCRIPTION
  Conventions
    `t`, `p`, `n`, `s`

  File Operations
  File Input and Output
  File Positioning
  Memory Management and String Handling
  Character Class Tests
  stdlib.h functions
  Miscellaneous functions
SEE ALSO

## perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

DESCRIPTION
Variables
  Datatypes
  What is an ``IV''?
  Working with SVs
  Offsets
  What's Really Stored in an SV?
  Working with AVs
  Working with HVs
  Hash API Extensions
  References
  Blessed References and Class Objects
  Creating New Variables
  Reference Counts and Mortality
  Stashes and Globs
  Double-Typed SVs
  Magic Variables
  Assigning Magic
  Magic Virtual Tables
  Finding Magic
  Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
  Localizing changes
    `SAVEINT(int i)`, `SAVEIV(IV i)`, `SAVEI32(I32 i)`, `SAVELONG(long i)`, `SAVESPTR(s)`, `SAVEPPTR(p)`, `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)`, `SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)`, `SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)`, `SAVEFREEPV(p)`, `SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)`, `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)`, `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)`, `SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)`, `SAVESTACK_POS()`, `SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)`, `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)`, `HV* save_hash(GV *gv)`, `void save_item(SV *item)`, `void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)`, `SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)`, `void save_aptr(AV **aptr)`, `void save_hptr(HV **hptr)`

Subroutines
  XSUBs and the Argument Stack
  Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
  Memory Allocation
  PerlIO
  Putting a C value on Perl stack
  Scratchpads
  Scratchpads and recursion
Compiled code
  Code tree
  Examining the tree
  Compile pass 1: check routines
  Compile pass 1a: constant folding
  Compile pass 2: context propagation
  Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
Examining internal data structures with the `dump` functions
How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
  Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
  So what happened to dTHR?
  How do I use all this in extensions?
  Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
  Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
Internal Functions
  A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
  Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
  Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
  Source Documentation
Unicode Support
  What is Unicode, anyway?
  How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
  How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
  How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
  How do I convert a string to UTF8?
  Is there anything else I need to know?
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

## perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

DESCRIPTION
  An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
  call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

FLAG VALUES
  G_VOID
  G_SCALAR
  G_ARRAY
  G_DISCARD
  G_NOARGS
  G_EVAL
  G_KEEPERR
  Determining the Context
KNOWN PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES
  No Parameters, Nothing returned
  Passing Parameters
  Returning a Scalar
  Returning a list of values
  Returning a list in a scalar context
  Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
  Using G_EVAL
  Using G_KEEPERR
  Using call_sv
  Using call_argv
  Using call_method
  Using GIMME_V
  Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
  Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
    1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

  Alternate Stack Manipulation
  Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE

## perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

DESCRIPTION
  DOCUMENTATION
    perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall

  CONVERTORS
    a2p, s2p, find2perl

  Development
    perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc

  SEE ALSO

## perlfilter - Source Filters

DESCRIPTION
CONCEPTS
USING FILTERS
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
  Decryption Filters

CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
CONCLUSION
REQUIREMENTS
AUTHOR
Copyrights

## perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
  The Filter
  An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
  Another Example -- Key is a C int.
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

DESCRIPTION
  AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

## perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

DESCRIPTION
  is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs

AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

## perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()
  Co-existence with stdio
    PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

## perltodo - Perl TO-DO List

DESCRIPTION
Infrastructure
  Mailing list archives
  Bug tracking system
  Regression Tests
    Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to perl5

Configure
  Install HTML
Perl Language
  1. -bit Perl
Prototypes
  Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs

Perl Internals
  magic_setisa
  Garbage Collection
  Reliable signals
    Alternate `runops()` for signal despatch, Figure out how to `die()` in delayed sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN

  Interpolated regex performance bugs
  Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
  Make XS easier to use
  Make embedded Perl easier to use
  Namespace cleanup
  MULTIPLICITY
  MacPerl
Documentation
  A clear division into tutorial and reference
  Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
  More tutorials
    Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging

  Include a search tool
  Include a locate tool
  Separate function manpages by default
  Users can't find the manpages
  Install ALL Documentation
  Outstanding issues to be documented
  Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
  Replace man with a perl program
  Unicode tutorial
Modules
  Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
  Module versions
  New modules
  Profiler
  Tie Modules
    VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice

  Procedural options
  RPC
  y2k localtime/gmtime
  Export File::Find variables
  Ioctl
  Debugger attach/detach
  Regular Expression debugger
  Alternative RE Syntax
  Bundled modules
  Expect
  GUI::Native
  Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
  pod2html
  Podchecker
Tom's Wishes
  Webperl
  Mobile agents
  POSIX on non-POSIX
  Portable installations
Win32 Stuff
  Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
  Sort out the `spawnvp()` mess
  Work out DLL versioning
  Style-check
Would be nice to have
  `pack "(stuff)*"`, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue functions

Possible pragmas
  'less'
Optimizations
  constant function cache
  `foreach(reverse...)`
  Cache eval tree
  rcatmaybe
  Shrink opcode tables
  Cache hash value
  Optimize away @_ where possible
  Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
  Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
Vague possibilities
  ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al

To Do Or Not To Do
  Making `my()` work on ``package'' variables
  ``or'' testing defined not truth
  ``dynamic'' lexicals
  ``class''-based, rather than package-based ``lexicals''
Threading
  Modules
  Testing
  $AUTOLOAD
  exit/die
  External threads
  Thread::Pool
  thread-safety
  Per-thread GVs
Compiler
  Optimization
  Byteperl
  Precompiled modules
  Executables
  Typed lexicals
  Win32
  END blocks
  _AUTOLOAD
  comppadlist
  Cached compilation
Recently Finished Tasks
  Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
  Filenames
  Foreign lines
  Namespace cleanup
  ISA.pm
  gettimeofday
  autocroak?

## perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals

DESCRIPTION
  Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
  Keeping in sync
    rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches

  Why rsync the source tree
    It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable

  Why rsync the patches
    It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour

  Submitting patches
    the perlguts manpage, the perlxstut manpage and the perlxs manpage, the perlapi manpage, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ

  Finding Your Way Around
    Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter

  Elements of the interpreter
    Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running

  Internal Variable Types
  Op Trees
  Stacks
    Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack

  Millions of Macros
  Poking at Perl
  Using a source-level debugger
    run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print

  Dumping Perl Data Structures
  Patching
EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
  Rational Software's Purify
  Purify on Unix
    -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity

  Purify on NT
    DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug

  CONCLUSION
    The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

AUTHOR

## perlhist - the Perl history records

DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
  PUMPKIN?
THE RECORDS
  SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
  SELECTED PATCH SIZES
THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

## perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6

DESCRIPTION
Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
  Security Issues
  Core bug fixes
    `UNIVERSAL::isa()`, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, ``slurp'' mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, Locales, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, `no Module;`, Tests

  Core features
  Configuration issues
  Documentation
  Bundled modules
    B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash

  Platform-specific improvements
    NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX

  Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
  Lexically scoped warning categories
  Unicode and UTF-8 support
  Support for interpolating named characters
  ``our'' declarations
  Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
  Improved Perl version numbering system
  New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
  File and directory handles can be autovivified
  `open()` with more than two arguments
    - -bit support
  Large file support
  Long doubles
  ``more bits''
  Enhanced support for `sort()` subroutines
  `sort $coderef @foo` allowed
  File globbing implemented internally
  Support for CHECK blocks
  POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
  Better pseudo-random number generator
  Improved `qw//` operator
  Better worst-case behavior of hashes
  `pack()` format 'Z' supported
  `pack()` format modifier '!' supported
  `pack()` and `unpack()` support counted strings
  Comments in `pack()` templates
  Weak references
  Binary numbers supported
  Lvalue subroutines
  Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
  Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
  `exists()` is supported on subroutine names
  `exists()` and `delete()` are supported on array elements
  Pseudo-hashes work better
  Automatic flushing of output buffers
  Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
  Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
  `eof()` has the same old magic as <>
  `binmode()` can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
  `-T` filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ``text''
  system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect `exec()` failure
  Improved diagnostics
  Diagnostics follow STDERR
  More consistent close-on-exec behavior
  `syswrite()` ease-of-use
  Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
  Bit operators support full native integer width
  Improved security features
  More functional bareword prototype (*)
  `require` and `do` may be overridden
  $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
  New variable $^C reflects `-c` switch
  New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
  Optional Y2K warnings
  Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
Modules and Pragmata
  Modules
    attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters

  Pragmata
Utility Changes
  dprofpp
  find2perl
  h2xs
  perlcc
  perldoc
  The Perl Debugger
Improved Documentation
  perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

Performance enhancements
  Simple `sort()` using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
  Optimized assignments to lexical variables
  Faster subroutine calls
  delete(), each(), `values()` and hash iteration are faster
Installation and Configuration Improvements
  -Dusethreads means something different
  New Configure flags
  Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
  Long Doubles
  -Dusemorebits
  -Duselargefiles
  installusrbinperl
  SOCKS support
  `-A` flag
  Enhanced Installation Directories
  gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
Platform specific changes
  Supported platforms
  DOS
  OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
  VMS
  Win32
Significant bug fixes
  <HANDLE> on empty files
  `eval '...'` improvements
  All compilation errors are true errors
  Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
  Behavior of list slices is more consistent
  `(\$)` prototype and `$foo{a}`
  `goto &sub` and AUTOLOAD
  `-bareword` allowed under `use integer`
  Failures in `DESTROY()`
  Locale bugs fixed
  Memory leaks
  Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
  Taint failures under `-U`
  END blocks and the `-c` switch
  Potential to leak DATA filehandles
New or Changed Diagnostics
  ``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, ``my sub'' not yet implemented, ``our'' variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as ``%s'', %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad `realloc()` ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'', Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in ``%s'', Can't declare %s in ``%s'', Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, `defined(@array)` is deprecated, `defined(%hash)` is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean ``local'' instead of ``our''?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, `flock()` on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol ``%s'' requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value ``%s'', Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in ``my sub'', No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in ``our'', No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around ``%s'' list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub NAME : ATTRS'' instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, `realloc()` of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown `open()` mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol ``%s'' too long, Version number must be a constant number

New tests
Incompatible Changes
  Perl Source Incompatibilities
    CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form `1.2.3` parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, `undef` fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing `"$$1"` to mean `"${$}1"` is unsupported, delete(), each(), `values()` and `\(%h)`, `vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)` enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, `%@` has been removed, Parenthesized `not()` behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype `(*)` have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results

  C Source Incompatibilities
    `PERL_POLLUTE`, `PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT`, `PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC`

  Compatible C Source API Changes
    `PATCHLEVEL` is now `PERL_VERSION`

  Binary Incompatibilities
Known Problems
  Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
  Known test failures
    64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure, Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc

  EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
  UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
  Arrow operator and arrays
  Experimental features
    Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics
  Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of ``$$<digit>'' to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated

Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005

DESCRIPTION
About the new versioning system
Incompatible Changes
  WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
  Default installation structure has changed
  Perl Source Compatibility
  C Source Compatibility
  Binary Compatibility
  Security fixes may affect compatibility
  Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
  Licensing
Core Changes
  Threads
  Compiler
  Regular Expressions
    Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes

  Improved `malloc()`
  Quicksort is internally implemented
  Reliable signals
  Reliable stack pointers
  More generous treatment of carriage returns
  Memory leaks
  Better support for multiple interpreters
  Behavior of `local()` on array and hash elements is now well-defined
  `%!` is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage module
  Pseudo-hashes are supported
  `EXPR foreach EXPR` is supported
  Keywords can be globally overridden
  `$^E` is meaningful on Win32
  `foreach (1..1000000)` optimized
  `Foo::` can be used as implicitly quoted package name
  `exists $Foo::{Bar::}` tests existence of a package
  Better locale support
  Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
  `prototype()` returns useful results on builtins
  Extended support for exception handling
  Re-blessing in `DESTROY()` supported for chaining `DESTROY()` methods
  All `printf` format conversions are handled internally
  New `INIT` keyword
  New `lock` keyword
  New `qr//` operator
  `our` is now a reserved word
  Tied arrays are now fully supported
  Tied handles support is better
    - th argument to substr
  Negative LENGTH argument to splice
  Magic lvalues are now more magical
  <> now reads in records
Supported Platforms
  New Platforms
  Changes in existing support
Modules and Pragmata
  New Modules
    B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re

  Changes in existing modules
    Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd

Utility Changes
Documentation Changes
New Diagnostics
  Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method ``%s'' on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'' for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for ``%s'', Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field ``%s'' in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word ``%s'' is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

Obsolete Diagnostics
  Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big

Configuration Changes
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004

DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
  List assignment to %ENV works
  Change to ``Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC'' error
  Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
  $PERL5OPT environment variable
  Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
  More precise warnings
  Deprecated: Inherited `AUTOLOAD` for non-methods
  Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
  Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
  Group vector changeable with `$)`
  Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
  Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
  No resetting of $. on implicit close
  `wantarray` may return undef
  `eval EXPR` determines value of EXPR in scalar context
  Changes to tainting checks
    No `glob()` or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name

  New Opcode module and revised Safe module
  Embedding improvements
  Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
  Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
  New and changed syntax
    $coderef->(PARAMS)

  New and changed builtin constants
    __PACKAGE__

  New and changed builtin variables
    $^E, $^H, $^M

  New and changed builtin functions
    delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, `my()` in Control Structures, `pack()` and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, `m//gc` does not reset search position on failure, `m//x` ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested `sub{}` closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals

  New builtin methods
    isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

  TIEHANDLE now supported
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

  Malloc enhancements
    -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE

  Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
Support for More Operating Systems
  Win32
  Plan 9
  QNX
  AmigaOS
Pragmata
  use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

Modules
  Required Updates
  Installation directories
  Module information summary
  Fcntl
  IO
  Math::Complex
  Math::Trig
  DB_File
  Net::Ping
  Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
  pod2html
    Sends converted HTML to standard output

  xsubpp
    `void` XSUBs now default to returning nothing

C Language API Changes
  `gv_fetchmethod` and `perl_call_sv`, `perl_eval_pv`, Extended API for manipulating hashes

Documentation Changes
  the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage, the perllocale manpage, the perltoot manpage, the perlapio manpage, the perlmodlib manpage, the perldebug manpage, the perlsec manpage

New Diagnostics
  ``my'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: ``%s'', Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in `qw()` list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for ``-T'' option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of ``$$<digit>'' to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated, Value of %s can be ``0''; test with defined(), Variable ``%s'' may be unavailable, Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems

DESCRIPTION
  Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
  OS level
  Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
  The IBM ANSI C Compiler
  Using GNU's gcc for building perl
  Using Large Files with Perl
  Threaded Perl
    - -bit Perl
  GDBM and Threads
  NFS filesystems and `utime(2)`
AUTHOR
DATE

## perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION
  Prerequisites
    Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS

  Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
  Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
INSTALLATION
Accessing documentation
  Manpages
  HTML
  GNU `info` files
  `LaTeX` docs
BUILD
  Prerequisites
  Getting the perl source
  Making
    sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib

  Testing
  Installing the built perl
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

## perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  gzip
  bison
  Unpacking
  Compiling
  Testing
  Install
  Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
  Using Perl in ``native'' BS2000
  Floating point anomalies
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
  Mailing list
HISTORY

## perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin

SYNOPSIS
PREREQUISITES
  Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
  Cygwin Configuration
    `PATH`, nroff, Permissions

CONFIGURE
  Strip Binaries
  Optional Libraries
    `-lcrypt`, `-lgdbm` (`use GDBM_File`), `-ldb` (`use DB_File`), `-lcygipc` (`use IPC::SysV`)

  Configure-time Options
    `-Uusedl`, `-Uusemymalloc`, `-Dusemultiplicity`, `-Duseperlio`, `-Duse64bitint`, `-Duselongdouble`, `-Dusethreads`, `-Duselargefiles`

  Suspicious Warnings
    dlsym(), Win9x and `d_eofnblk`, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

MAKE
  Warnings
  ld2
TEST
  File Permissions
  Hard Links
  Filetime Granularity
  Tainting Checks
  /etc/group
  Script Portability
    Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscellaneous

INSTALL
MANIFEST
  Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

BUGS
AUTHORS
HISTORY

## perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Prerequisites
    DJGPP, Pthreads

  Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
  Building
  Testing
  Installation
BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
  Prerequisites
  Unpacking CPAN Modules
  Building Non-XS Modules
  Building XS Modules
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC

SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
STARTING PERL ON EPOC
STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
USING PERL ON EPOC
  I/O Redirection
  PATH Names
  Editors
  Features
  Restrictions
  Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
SUPPORT STATUS
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE

## perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems

DESCRIPTION
  Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
  PA-RISC
  PA-RISC 1.0
  PA-RISC 1.1
  PA-RISC 2.0
  Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
  Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
  The HP ANSI C Compiler
  Using Large Files with Perl
  Threaded Perl
    - -bit Perl
  GDBM and Threads
  NFS filesystems and `utime(2)`
  perl -P and //
AUTHOR
DATE

## perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems

DESCRIPTION
  Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
  Failures during `make test`
    op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t

  Building external modules
AUTHOR
DATE

## perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
DATE

## perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

# SYNOPSIS

What's New
System Requirements
How to Obtain Perl/iX
Distribution Contents Highlights
  README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6

Getting Started with Perl/iX
MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
Change History

## perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION
  Target
  Other OSes
  Prerequisites
    EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh

  Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
  Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
Frequently asked questions
  ``It does not work''
  I cannot run external programs
  I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program.
    Is your program EMX-compiled with `-Zmt -Zcrtdll`?, Did you use the ExtUtils::Embed manpage?

  ```` and pipe-`open` do not work under DOS.
  Cannot start `find.exe "pattern" file`
INSTALLATION
  Automatic binary installation
    `PERL_BADLANG`, `PERL_BADFREE`, Config.pm

  Manual binary installation
    Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh

  Warning
Accessing documentation
  OS/2 .INF file
  Plain text
  Manpages
  HTML
  GNU `info` files
  .PDF files
  `LaTeX` docs
BUILD
  The short story
  Prerequisites
  Getting perl source
  Application of the patches
  Hand-editing
  Making
  Testing
    A lot of `bad free`, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t

  Installing the built perl
  `a.out`-style build
Build FAQ
  Some `/` became `\` in pdksh.
  `'errno'` - unresolved external
  Problems with tr or sed
  Some problem (forget which ;-)
  Library ... not found
  Segfault in make
  op/sprintf test failure
Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
  `setpriority`, `getpriority`
  `system()`
  `extproc` on the first line
  Additional modules:
  Prebuilt methods:
    `File::Copy::syscopy`, `DynaLoader::mod2fname`, `Cwd::current_drive()`, `Cwd::sys_chdir(name)`, `Cwd::change_drive(name)`, `Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)`, `Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)`, `Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)`, `Cwd::sys_cwd(name)`, `Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)`, `Cwd::extLibpath([type])`, `Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )`, `OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)`, `OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)`, OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), `OS2::MorphPM(serve)`, `OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)`, `OS2::Serve_Messages(force)`, `OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])`, `OS2::_control87(new,mask)`, OS2::get_control87(), `OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)`

  Prebuilt variables:
    $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver

  Misfeatures
  Modifications
    `popen`, `tmpnam`, `tmpfile`, `ctermid`, `stat`, `mkdir`, `rmdir`, `flock`

  Identifying DLLs
  Centralized management of resources
    `HAB`, `HMQ`

Perl flavors
  perl.exe
  perl_.exe
  perl__.exe
  perl___.exe
  Why strange names?
  Why dynamic linking?
  Why chimera build?
ENVIRONMENT
  `PERLLIB_PREFIX`
  `PERL_BADLANG`
  `PERL_BADFREE`
  `PERL_SH_DIR`
  `USE_PERL_FLOCK`
  `TMP` or `TEMP`
Evolution
  Priorities
  DLL name mangling
  Threading
  Calls to external programs
  Memory allocation
  Threads
    `COND_WAIT`, os2.c

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Unpacking
  Setup and utilities
  Configure
  Build, test, install
  build anomalies
  testing anomalies
  installation anomalies
  Usage Hints
  Floating point anomalies
  Modules and Extensions
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
  Mailing list
HISTORY

## perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems

DESCRIPTION
  Solaris Version Numbers.
RESOURCES
  Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

SETTING UP
  File Extraction Problems.
  Compiler and Related Tools.
  Environment
RUN CONFIGURE.
  1. -bit Issues.
Threads.
Malloc Issues.
MAKE PROBLEMS.
  Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error ``No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified'', sh: ar: not found

MAKE TEST
  op/stat.t test 4
PREBUILT BINARIES.
RUNTIME ISSUES.
  Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
  Proc::ProcessTable
  BSD::Resource
  Net::SSLeay
AUTHOR
LAST MODIFIED

## perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Unpacking
  Setup and utilities
  Configure
    Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag ``-O''. There's a bug in the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on, As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the `fork()` API programs relying on this call will not work. I've replaced `fork()/exec()` with `spawn()` and the standalone `exec()` with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under

  testing anomalies
  Usage Hints
    When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.

AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
  Mailing list

## perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl

DESCRIPTION
Installation
Organization of Perl Images
  Core Images
  Perl Extensions
  Installing static extensions
  Installing dynamic extensions
File specifications
  Syntax
  Wildcard expansion
  Pipes
PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
Command line
  I/O redirection and backgrounding
  Command line switches
    -i, -S, -u

Perl functions
  File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

Perl variables
  %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|

Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
  SDBM_File
Revision date
AUTHOR

## perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS

SYNOPSIS
  Stratus POSIX Support
INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
  Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
  Installing Perl 5 on VOS
USING PERL IN VOS
  Unimplemented Features
  Restrictions
SUPPORT STATUS
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE

## perlwin32 - Perl under Win32

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Setting Up
    Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC

  Building
  Testing
  Installation
  Usage Hints
    Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things

BUGS AND CAVEATS
AUTHORS
  Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ni-s.u-net.com>

SEE ALSO
HISTORY

# PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

## attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  method, locked

## re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Built-in Attributes
    locked, method, lvalue

  Available Subroutines
    get, reftype

  Package-specific Attribute Handling
    FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES

  Syntax of Attribute Lists
EXPORTS
  Default exports
  Available exports
  Export tags defined
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO

## attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  method, locked

## autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

## blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

## bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## charnames - define character names for `\N{named}` string literal escape.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
BUGS

## constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The `diagnostics` Pragma
  The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR

## fields - compile-time class fields

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  new, phash

SEE ALSO

## filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  subpragma access

## integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Adding directories to @INC
  Deleting directories from @INC
  Restoring original @INC
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
SEE ALSO

## ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## overload - Package for overloading perl operations

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Declaration of overloaded functions
  Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
    FALSE, TRUE, `undef`

  Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
  Calling Conventions for Mutators
    `++` and `--`, `x=` and other assignment versions

  Overloadable Operations
    Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special

  Inheritance and overloading
    Strings as values of `use overload` directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR `use overload`
  Last Resort
  Fallback
    `undef`, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

  Copy Constructor
    Example

MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
  Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, `abs($a)`, Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

Losing overloading
Run-time Overloading
Public functions
  overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

Overloading constants
  integer, float, binary, q, qr

IMPLEMENTATION
Metaphor clash
Cookbook
  Two-face scalars
  Two-face references
  Symbolic calculator
  Really symbolic calculator
AUTHOR
DIAGNOSTICS
  Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference

BUGS

## re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  SIGNAL HANDLERS
    stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

  SIGNAL LISTS
    normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

  OTHER
    untrapped, any, signal, number

EXAMPLES

## strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `strict refs`, `strict vars`, `strict subs`

## subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)

## warnings::register - warnings import function

# MODULE DOCUMENTATION

## AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  DBM Comparisons
    [0], [1], [2], [3]

SEE ALSO

## AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Subroutine Stubs
  Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
  Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
  Package Lexicals
  Not Using AutoLoader
  AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO

## AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  $keep, $check, $modtime
  Multiple packages
DIAGNOSTICS

## B - The Perl Compiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
  SV-RELATED CLASSES
  B::SV METHODS
    REFCNT, FLAGS

  B::IV METHODS
    IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv

  B::NV METHODS
    NV, NVX

  B::RV METHODS
    RV

  B::PV METHODS
    PV, PVX

  B::PVMG METHODS
    MAGIC, SvSTASH

  B::MAGIC METHODS
    MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR

  B::PVLV METHODS
    TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

  B::BM METHODS
    USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

  B::GV METHODS
    is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS

  B::IO METHODS
    LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS

  B::AV METHODS
    FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS

  B::CV METHODS
    STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS

  B::HV METHODS
    FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

  OP-RELATED CLASSES
  B::OP METHODS
    next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private

  B::UNOP METHOD
    first

  B::BINOP METHOD
    last

  B::LOGOP METHOD
    other

  B::LISTOP METHOD
    children

  B::PMOP METHODS
    pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp

  B::SVOP METHOD
    sv, gv

  B::PADOP METHOD
    padix

  B::PVOP METHOD
    pv

  B::LOOP METHODS
    redoop, nextop, lastop

  B::COP METHODS
    label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line

FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY `B`
  main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

AUTHOR

## B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

## B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back

EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

## B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit

EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR

## B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

EXAMPLES
BUGS
DIFFERENCES
  Loops
  Context of ``..''
  Arithmetic
  Deprecated features
AUTHOR

## B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii, -main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env

FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
  (x(exec_text; basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1; text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphenseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum

ABBREVIATIONS
  OP flags abbreviations
  OP class abbreviations
AUTHOR

## B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL

USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
  Synopsis
  Description
  new
  coderef2text
BUGS
AUTHOR

## B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Lint - Perl lint

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
  context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none

NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
  -u Package

BUGS
AUTHOR

## B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR

## B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded

## B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  `-oFILENAME`, `-r`, `-D[tO]`

BUGS
AUTHOR

## Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Methods
    new, debug, iters

  Standard Exports
    timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

  Optional Exports
    clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

NOTES
EXAMPLES
INHERITANCE
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
MODIFICATION HISTORY

## ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
  -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back

EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

## CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
  PROGRAMMING STYLE
  CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
  CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
  CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
  FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
  FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
  FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
  SETTING THE `VALUE(S)` OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
  APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
  IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
  DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
  DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
  DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
  FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
  SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
  RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
  USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
    :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all

  PRAGMAS
    -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles

  SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
    1. `start_table()` (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. `end_table()` (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3. `start_ul()` (generates a <UL> tag), 4. `end_ul()` (generates a </UL> tag)

GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
  CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
  GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
  CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
    Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

  ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
  CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
  OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
    -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base

  MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
  PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
  THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
  HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
  NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
  AUTOESCAPING HTML
    $escaped_string = escapeHTML(``unescaped string'');, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);

  PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
  CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
  STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data

  CREATING A TEXT FIELD
    Parameters

  CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
  CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
  CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
    Parameters

  CREATING A POPUP MENU
  CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
    Parameters:

  CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
    Parameters:

  CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
    Parameters:

  CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
    Parameters:

  CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
    Parameters:

  CREATING A RESET BUTTON
  CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
  CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
    Parameters:

  CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
    Parameters:

  CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
HTTP COOKIES
  1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a ``secure'' flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

WORKING WITH FRAMES
  1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag

LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
  DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(), http(), https()

USING NPH SCRIPTS
  In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters

Server Push
  multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), `multipart_final()`

Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
  $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
AUTHOR INFORMATION
CREDITS
  Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
  Changing the default message
MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
CHANGE LOG
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Cookie
  1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
  Creating New Cookies
  Sending the Cookie to the Browser
  Recovering Previous Cookies
  Manipulating Cookies
    name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()

AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Tags that won't be formatted
  Customizing the Indenting
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Push
  -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
  Heterogeneous Pages
  Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
SEE ALSO

## CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Interactive Mode
    Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals

  CPAN::Shell
  autobundle
  recompile
  The four `CPAN::*` Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
  Programmer's interface
    expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples

  Methods in the other Classes
    CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()

  Cache Manager
  Bundles
  Prerequisites
  Finding packages and VERSION
  Debugging
  Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
CONFIGURATION
  `o conf <scalar option>`, `o conf <scalar option> E<lt>valueE<gt>`, `o conf <list option>`, `o conf <list optionE<gt> [shift|pop]`, `o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>`
  Note on urllist parameter's format
  urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
SECURITY
EXPORT
POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
  Three basic types of firewalls
    http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade

  Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
FAQ
  1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

BUGS
AUTHOR
TRANSLATIONS
SEE ALSO

## CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Forcing a Stack Trace
BUGS

## Carp::Heavy - Carp guts

SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION

## Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The `struct()` function
  Class Creation at Compile Time
  Element Types and Accessor Methods
    Scalar (`'$'` or `'*$'`), Array (`'@'` or `'*@'`), Hash (`'%'` or `'*%'`), Class (`'Class_Name'` or `'*Class_Name'`)

  Initializing with `new`
EXAMPLES
  Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

Author and Modification History

## Config - access Perl configuration information

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  myconfig(), config_sh(), `config_vars(@names)`

EXAMPLE
WARNING
GLOSSARY
  _
    `_a`, `_exe`, `_o`

  a
    `afs`, `alignbytes`, `ansi2knr`, `aphostname`, `api_revision`, `api_subversion`, `api_version`, `api_versionstring`, `ar`, `archlib`, `archlibexp`, `archname64`, `archname`, `archobjs`, `awk`

  b
    `baserev`, `bash`, `bin`, `bincompat5005`, `binexp`, `bison`, `byacc`, `byteorder`

  c
    `c`, `castflags`, `cat`, `cc`, `cccdlflags`, `ccdlflags`, `ccflags`, `ccflags_uselargefiles`, `ccname`, `ccsymbols`, `ccversion`, `cf_by`, `cf_email`, `cf_time`, `charsize`, `chgrp`, `chmod`, `chown`, `clocktype`, `comm`, `compress`

  C
    `CONFIGDOTSH`, `contains`, `cp`, `cpio`, `cpp`, `cpp_stuff`, `cppccsymbols`, `cppflags`, `cpplast`, `cppminus`, `cpprun`, `cppstdin`, `cppsymbols`, `crosscompile`, `cryptlib`, `csh`

  d
    `d__fwalk`, `d_access`, `d_accessx`, `d_alarm`, `d_archlib`, `d_atolf`, `d_atoll`, `d_attribut`, `d_bcmp`, `d_bcopy`, `d_bincompat5005`, `d_bsd`, `d_bsdgetpgrp`, `d_bsdsetpgrp`, `d_bzero`, `d_casti32`, `d_castneg`, `d_charvspr`, `d_chown`, `d_chroot`, `d_chsize`, `d_closedir`, `d_const`, `d_crypt`, `d_csh`, `d_cuserid`, `d_dbl_dig`, `d_difftime`, `d_dirnamlen`, `d_dlerror`, `d_dlopen`, `d_dlsymun`, `d_dosuid`, `d_drand48proto`, `d_dup2`, `d_eaccess`, `d_endgrent`, `d_endhent`, `d_endnent`, `d_endpent`, `d_endpwent`, `d_endsent`, `d_eofnblk`, `d_eunice`, `d_fchmod`, `d_fchown`, `d_fcntl`, `d_fcntl_can_lock`, `d_fd_macros`, `d_fd_set`, `d_fds_bits`, `d_fgetpos`, `d_flexfnam`, `d_flock`, `d_fork`, `d_fpathconf`, `d_fpos64_t`, `d_frexpl`, `d_fs_data_s`, `d_fseeko`, `d_fsetpos`, `d_fstatfs`, `d_fstatvfs`, `d_fsync`, `d_ftello`, `d_ftime`, `d_Gconvert`, `d_getcwd`, `d_getespwnam`, `d_getfsstat`, `d_getgrent`, `d_getgrps`, `d_gethbyaddr`, `d_gethbyname`, `d_gethent`, `d_gethname`, `d_gethostprotos`, `d_getlogin`, `d_getmnt`, `d_getmntent`, `d_getnbyaddr`, `d_getnbyname`, `d_getnent`, `d_getnetprotos`, `d_getpagsz`, `d_getpbyname`, `d_getpbynumber`, `d_getpent`, `d_getpgid`, `d_getpgrp2`, `d_getpgrp`, `d_getppid`, `d_getprior`, `d_getprotoprotos`, `d_getprpwnam`, `d_getpwent`, `d_getsbyname`, `d_getsbyport`, `d_getsent`, `d_getservprotos`, `d_getspnam`, `d_gettimeod`, `d_gnulibc`, `d_grpasswd`, `d_hasmntopt`, `d_htonl`, `d_iconv`, `d_index`, `d_inetaton`, `d_int64_t`, `d_isascii`, `d_isnan`, `d_isnanl`, `d_killpg`, `d_lchown`, `d_ldbl_dig`, `d_link`, `d_locconv`, `d_lockf`, `d_longdbl`, `d_longlong`, `d_lseekproto`, `d_lstat`, `d_madvise`, `d_mblen`, `d_mbstowcs`, `d_mbtowc`, `d_memchr`, `d_memcmp`, `d_memcpy`, `d_memmove`, `d_memset`, `d_mkdir`, `d_mkdtemp`, `d_mkfifo`, `d_mkstemp`, `d_mkstemps`, `d_mktime`, `d_mmap`, `d_modfl`, `d_mprotect`, `d_msg`, `d_msg_ctrunc`, `d_msg_dontroute`, `d_msg_oob`, `d_msg_peek`, `d_msg_proxy`, `d_msgctl`, `d_msgget`, `d_msgrcv`, `d_msgsnd`, `d_msync`, `d_munmap`, `d_mymalloc`, `d_nice`, `d_nv_preserves_uv`, `d_nv_preserves_uv_bits`, `d_off64_t`, `d_old_pthread_create_joinable`, `d_oldpthreads`, `d_oldsock`, `d_open3`, `d_pathconf`, `d_pause`, `d_perl_otherlibdirs`, `d_phostname`, `d_pipe`, `d_poll`, `d_portable`, `d_PRId64`, `d_PRIeldbl`, `d_PRIEUldbl`, `d_PRIfldbl`, `d_PRIFUldbl`, `d_PRIgldbl`, `d_PRIGUldbl`, `d_PRIi64`, `d_PRIo64`, `d_PRIu64`, `d_PRIx64`, `d_PRIXU64`, `d_pthread_yield`, `d_pwage`, `d_pwchange`, `d_pwclass`, `d_pwcomment`, `d_pwexpire`, `d_pwgecos`, `d_pwpasswd`, `d_pwquota`, `d_qgcvt`, `d_quad`, `d_readdir`, `d_readlink`, `d_rename`, `d_rewinddir`, `d_rmdir`, `d_safebcpy`, `d_safemcpy`, `d_sanemcmp`, `d_sbrkproto`, `d_sched_yield`, `d_scm_rights`, `d_SCNfldbl`, `d_seekdir`, `d_select`, `d_sem`, `d_semctl`, `d_semctl_semid_ds`, `d_semctl_semun`, `d_semget`, `d_semop`, `d_setegid`, `d_seteuid`, `d_setgrent`, `d_setgrps`, `d_sethent`, `d_setlinebuf`, `d_setlocale`, `d_setnent`, `d_setpent`, `d_setpgid`, `d_setpgrp2`, `d_setpgrp`, `d_setprior`, `d_setproctitle`, `d_setpwent`, `d_setregid`, `d_setresgid`, `d_setresuid`, `d_setreuid`, `d_setrgid`, `d_setruid`, `d_setsent`, `d_setsid`, `d_setvbuf`, `d_sfio`, `d_shm`, `d_shmat`, `d_shmatprototype`, `d_shmctl`, `d_shmdt`, `d_shmget`, `d_sigaction`, `d_sigprocmask`, `d_sigsetjmp`, `d_socket`, `d_socklen_t`, `d_sockpair`, `d_socks5_init`, `d_sqrtl`, `d_statblks`, `d_statfs_f_flags`, `d_statfs_s`, `d_statvfs`, `d_stdio_cnt_lval`, `d_stdio_ptr_lval`, `d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt`, `d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt`, `d_stdio_stream_array`, `d_stdiobase`, `d_stdstdio`, `d_strchr`, `d_strcoll`, `d_strctcpy`, `d_strerrm`, `d_strerror`, `d_strtod`, `d_strtol`, `d_strtold`, `d_strtoll`, `d_strtoq`, `d_strtoul`, `d_strtoull`, `d_strtouq`, `d_strxfrm`, `d_suidsafe`, `d_symlink`, `d_syscall`, `d_sysconf`, `d_sysernlst`, `d_syserrlst`, `d_system`, `d_tcgetpgrp`, `d_tcsetpgrp`, `d_telldir`, `d_telldirproto`, `d_time`, `d_times`, `d_truncate`, `d_tzname`, `d_umask`, `d_uname`, `d_union_semun`, `d_ustat`, `d_vendorarch`, `d_vendorbin`, `d_vendorlib`, `d_vfork`, `d_void_closedir`, `d_voidsig`, `d_voidtty`, `d_volatile`, `d_vprintf`, `d_wait4`, `d_waitpid`, `d_wcstombs`, `d_wctomb`, `d_xenix`, `date`, `db_hashtype`, `db_prefixtype`, `defvoidused`, `direntrytype`, `dlext`, `dlsrc`, `doublesize`, `drand01`, `dynamic_ext`

  e
    `eagain`, `ebcdic`, `echo`, `egrep`, `emacs`, `eunicefix`, `exe_ext`, `expr`, `extensions`

  f
    `fflushall`, `fflushNULL`, `find`, `firstmakefile`, `flex`, `fpossize`, `fpostype`, `freetype`, `full_ar`, `full_csh`, `full_sed`

  g
    `gccosandvers`, `gccversion`, `gidformat`, `gidsign`, `gidsize`, `gidtype`, `glibpth`, `grep`, `groupcat`, `groupstype`, `gzip`

  h
    `h_fcntl`, `h_sysfile`, `hint`, `hostcat`

  i
    `i16size`, `i16type`, `i32size`, `i32type`, `i64size`, `i64type`, `i8size`, `i8type`, `i_arpainet`, `i_bsdioctl`, `i_db`, `i_dbm`, `i_dirent`, `i_dld`, `i_dlfcn`, `i_fcntl`, `i_float`, `i_gdbm`, `i_grp`, `i_iconv`, `i_ieeefp`, `i_inttypes`, `i_libutil`, `i_limits`, `i_locale`, `i_machcthr`, `i_malloc`, `i_math`, `i_memory`, `i_mntent`, `i_ndbm`, `i_netdb`, `i_neterrno`, `i_netinettcp`, `i_niin`, `i_poll`, `i_prot`, `i_pthread`, `i_pwd`, `i_rpcsvcdbm`, `i_sfio`, `i_sgtty`, `i_shadow`, `i_socks`, `i_stdarg`, `i_stddef`, `i_stdlib`, `i_string`, `i_sunmath`, `i_sysaccess`, `i_sysdir`, `i_sysfile`, `i_sysfilio`, `i_sysin`, `i_sysioctl`, `i_syslog`, `i_sysmman`, `i_sysmode`, `i_sysmount`, `i_sysndir`, `i_sysparam`, `i_sysresrc`, `i_syssecrt`, `i_sysselct`, `i_syssockio`, `i_sysstat`, `i_sysstatfs`, `i_sysstatvfs`, `i_systime`, `i_systimek`, `i_systimes`, `i_systypes`, `i_sysuio`, `i_sysun`, `i_sysutsname`, `i_sysvfs`, `i_syswait`, `i_termio`, `i_termios`, `i_time`, `i_unistd`, `i_ustat`, `i_utime`, `i_values`, `i_varargs`, `i_varhdr`, `i_vfork`, `ignore_versioned_solibs`, `inc_version_list`, `inc_version_list_init`, `incpath`, `inews`, `installarchlib`, `installbin`, `installman1dir`, `installman3dir`, `installprefix`, `installprefixexp`, `installprivlib`, `installscript`, `installsitearch`, `installsitebin`, `installsitelib`, `installstyle`, `installusrbinperl`, `installvendorarch`, `installvendorbin`, `installvendorlib`, `intsize`, `issymlink`, `ivdformat`, `ivsize`, `ivtype`

  k
    `known_extensions`, `ksh`

  l
    `ld`, `lddlflags`, `ldflags`, `ldflags_uselargefiles`, `ldlibpthname`, `less`, `lib_ext`, `libc`, `libperl`, `libpth`, `libs`, `libsdirs`, `libsfiles`, `libsfound`, `libspath`, `libswanted`, `libswanted_uselargefiles`, `line`, `lint`, `lkflags`, `ln`, `lns`, `locincpth`, `loclibpth`, `longdblsize`, `longlongsize`, `longsize`, `lp`, `lpr`, `ls`, `lseeksize`, `lseektype`

  m
    `mail`, `mailx`, `make`, `make_set_make`, `mallocobj`, `mallocsrc`, `malloctype`, `man1dir`, `man1direxp`, `man1ext`, `man3dir`, `man3direxp`, `man3ext`

  M
    `Mcc`, `mips_type`, `mkdir`, `mmaptype`, `modetype`, `more`, `multiarch`, `mv`, `myarchname`, `mydomain`, `myhostname`, `myuname`

  n
    `n`, `need_va_copy`, `netdb_hlen_type`, `netdb_host_type`, `netdb_name_type`, `netdb_net_type`, `nm`, `nm_opt`, `nm_so_opt`, `nonxs_ext`, `nroff`, `nveformat`, `nvEUformat`, `nvfformat`, `nvFUformat`, `nvgformat`, `nvGUformat`, `nvsize`, `nvtype`

  o
    `o_nonblock`, `obj_ext`, `old_pthread_create_joinable`, `optimize`, `orderlib`, `osname`, `osvers`, `otherlibdirs`

  p
    `package`, `pager`, `passcat`, `patchlevel`, `path_sep`, `perl5`, `perl`

  P
    `PERL_REVISION`, `PERL_SUBVERSION`, `PERL_VERSION`, `perladmin`, `perllibs`, `perlpath`, `pg`, `phostname`, `pidtype`, `plibpth`, `pm_apiversion`, `pmake`, `pr`, `prefix`, `prefixexp`, `privlib`, `privlibexp`, `prototype`, `ptrsize`

  q
    `quadkind`, `quadtype`

  r
    `randbits`, `randfunc`, `randseedtype`, `ranlib`, `rd_nodata`, `revision`, `rm`, `rmail`, `runnm`

  s
    `sched_yield`, `scriptdir`, `scriptdirexp`, `sed`, `seedfunc`, `selectminbits`, `selecttype`, `sendmail`, `sh`, `shar`, `sharpbang`, `shmattype`, `shortsize`, `shrpenv`, `shsharp`, `sig_count`, `sig_name`, `sig_name_init`, `sig_num`, `sig_num_init`, `sig_size`, `signal_t`, `sitearch`, `sitearchexp`, `sitebin`, `sitebinexp`, `sitelib`, `sitelib_stem`, `sitelibexp`, `siteprefix`, `siteprefixexp`, `sizesize`, `sizetype`, `sleep`, `smail`, `so`, `sockethdr`, `socketlib`, `socksizetype`, `sort`, `spackage`, `spitshell`, `sPRId64`, `sPRIeldbl`, `sPRIEUldbl`, `sPRIfldbl`, `sPRIFUldbl`, `sPRIgldbl`, `sPRIGUldbl`, `sPRIi64`, `sPRIo64`, `sPRIu64`, `sPRIx64`, `sPRIXU64`, `src`, `sSCNfldbl`, `ssizetype`, `startperl`, `startsh`, `static_ext`, `stdchar`, `stdio_base`, `stdio_bufsiz`, `stdio_cnt`, `stdio_filbuf`, `stdio_ptr`, `stdio_stream_array`, `strings`, `submit`, `subversion`, `sysman`

  t
    `tail`, `tar`, `tbl`, `tee`, `test`, `timeincl`, `timetype`, `touch`, `tr`, `trnl`, `troff`

  u
    `u16size`, `u16type`, `u32size`, `u32type`, `u64size`, `u64type`, `u8size`, `u8type`, `uidformat`, `uidsign`, `uidsize`, `uidtype`, `uname`, `uniq`, `uquadtype`, `use5005threads`, `use64bitall`, `use64bitint`, `usedl`, `useithreads`, `uselargefiles`, `uselongdouble`, `usemorebits`, `usemultiplicity`, `usemymalloc`, `usenm`, `useopcode`, `useperlio`, `useposix`, `usesfio`, `useshrplib`, `usesocks`, `usethreads`, `usevendorprefix`, `usevfork`, `usrinc`, `uuname`, `uvoformat`, `uvsize`, `uvtype`, `uvuformat`, `uvxformat`, `uvXUformat`

  v
    `vendorarch`, `vendorarchexp`, `vendorbin`, `vendorbinexp`, `vendorlib`, `vendorlib_stem`, `vendorlibexp`, `vendorprefix`, `vendorprefixexp`, `version`, `versiononly`, `vi`, `voidflags`

  x
    `xlibpth`, `xs_apiversion`

  z
    `zcat`, `zip`

NOTE

## Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Global Variables

         $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,  @DB::args,
        @DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname,
        $DB::lineno

  API Methods
    CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->`done()`

  Client Callback Methods
    CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->`output(LIST)`

BUGS
AUTHOR

## DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
  Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
  Interface to Berkeley DB
  Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
  Default Parameters
  In Memory Databases
DB_HASH
  A Simple Example
DB_BTREE
  Changing the BTREE sort order
  Handling Duplicate Keys
  The `get_dup()` Method
  The `find_dup()` Method
  The `del_dup()` Method
  Matching Partial Keys
DB_RECNO
  The 'bval' Option
  A Simple Example
  Extra RECNO Methods
    $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length

  Another Example
THE API INTERFACE
  $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

DBM FILTERS
  filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
  The Filter
  An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
  Another Example -- Key is a C int.
HINTS AND TIPS
  Locking: The Trouble with fd
  Safe ways to lock a database
    Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock

  Sharing Databases With C Applications
  The `untie()` Gotcha
COMMON QUESTIONS
  Why is there Perl source in my database?
  How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
  What does ``Invalid Argument'' mean?
  What does ``Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed'' mean?
REFERENCES
HISTORY
BUGS
AVAILABILITY
COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and `eval`

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Methods
    PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset

  Functions
    Dumper(LIST)

  Configuration Variables or Methods
    $Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Pad or $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster or $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])

  Exports
    Dumper

EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO

## Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PROFILE FORMAT
AUTOLOAD
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Memory footprint debugging
EXAMPLES
  A simple scalar string
  A simple scalar number
  A simple scalar with an extra reference
  A reference to a simple scalar
  A reference to an array
  A reference to a hash
  Dumping a large array or hash
  A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
  A reference to a subroutine
EXPORTS
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Creation
    `arrayDepth`, `hashDepth`, `compactDump`, `veryCompact`, `globPrint`, `DumpDBFiles`, `DumpPackages`, `DumpReused`, `tick`, `HighBit`, `printUndef`, `UsageOnly`, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal

  Methods
    dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

## DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), `bootstrap()`

AUTHOR

## DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

## Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

## Errno - System errno constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  How to Export
  Selecting What To Export
  Specialised Import Lists
  Exporting without using Export's import method
  Module Version Checking
  Managing Unknown Symbols
  Tag Handling Utility Functions

## Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION

## ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

cat

eqtime src dst

rm_f files...

rm_f files...

touch files ..

mv source... destination

cp source... destination

chmod mode files..

mkpath directory..

test_f file

BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
  xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), `xsi_body(@modules)`

EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
  new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), `version()`

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

## ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
  EXTRALIBS
  LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
  BSLOADLIBS
PORTABILITY
  VMS implementation
  Win32 implementation
SEE ALSO

## ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive

perl_archive_after

## ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  Preloaded methods
    canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

rootdir

updir

SelfLoaded methods
  c_o (o)

cflags (o)

clean (o)

const_cccmd (o)

const_config (o)

const_loadlibs (o)

constants (o)

depend (o)

dir_target (o)

dist (o)

dist_basics (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

dist_dir (o)

dist_test (o)

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

exescan

extliblist

file_name_is_absolute

find_perl

Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
  fixin

force (o)

guess_name

has_link_code

htmlifypods (o)

init_dirscan

init_main

init_others

install (o)

installbin (o)

libscan (o)

linkext (o)

lsdir

macro (o)

makeaperl (o)

makefile (o)

manifypods (o)

maybe_command

maybe_command_in_dirs

needs_linking (o)

nicetext

parse_version

parse_abstract

pasthru (o)

path

perl_script

perldepend (o)

ppd

perm_rw (o)

perm_rwx (o)

pm_to_blib

post_constants (o)

post_initialize (o)

postamble (o)

prefixify

processPL (o)

realclean (o)

replace_manpage_separator

static (o)

static_lib (o)

staticmake (o)

subdir_x (o)

subdirs (o)

test (o)

test_via_harness (o)

test_via_script (o)

tool_autosplit (o)

tools_other (o)

tool_xsubpp (o)

top_targets (o)

writedoc

xs_c (o)

xs_cpp (o)

xs_o (o)

perl_archive

perl_archive_after

export_list

SEE ALSO

## ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Methods always loaded
    wraplist

rootdir (override)

SelfLoaded methods
  guess_name (override)

find_perl (override)

path (override)

maybe_command (override)

maybe_command_in_dirs (override)

perl_script (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

replace_manpage_separator

init_others (override)

constants (override)

cflags (override)

const_cccmd (override)

pm_to_blib (override)

tool_autosplit (override)

tool_sxubpp (override)

xsubpp_version (override)

tools_other (override)

dist (override)

c_o (override)

xs_c (override)

xs_o (override)

top_targets (override)

dlsyms (override)

dynamic_lib (override)

dynamic_bs (override)

static_lib (override)

manifypods (override)

processPL (override)

installbin (override)

subdir_x (override)

clean (override)

realclean (override)

dist_basics (override)

dist_core (override)

dist_dir (override)

dist_test (override)

install (override)

perldepend (override)

makefile (override)

test (override)

test_via_harness (override)

test_via_script (override)

makeaperl (override)

nicetext (override)

## ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

catfile

constants (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

canonpath

perl_script

pm_to_blib

test_via_harness (o)

tool_autosplit (override)

tools_other (o)

xs_o (o)

top_targets (o)

htmlifypods (o)

manifypods (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

pasthru (o)

## ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  How To Write A Makefile.PL
  Default Makefile Behaviour
  make test
  make testdb
  make install
  PREFIX and LIB attribute
  AFS users
  Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
  Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
  Which architecture dependent directory?
  Using Attributes and Parameters
    ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

  Additional lowercase attributes
    clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit

  Overriding MakeMaker Methods
  Hintsfile support
  Distribution Support

           make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
          make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,    make uutardist,    make
        shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

  Disabling an extension
ENVIRONMENT
  PERL_MM_OPT

SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

## ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
  `Not in MANIFEST:` file, `No such file:` file, `MANIFEST:` $!, `Added to MANIFEST:` file

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME

AUTHOR
REVISION

## ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
  new(), read(), write(), validate(), `packlist_file()`

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

## ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS

## File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

EXAMPLES
  `basename`, `dirname`

## File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR

## File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Special behaviour if `syscopy` is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
    `rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])`

RETURN
AUTHOR

## File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

## File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `wanted`, `bydepth`, `preprocess`, `postprocess`, `follow`, `follow_fast`, `follow_skip`, `no_chdir`, `untaint`, `untaint_pattern`, `untaint_skip`

CAVEAT

## File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `GLOB_ERR`, `GLOB_MARK`, `GLOB_NOCASE`, `GLOB_NOCHECK`, `GLOB_NOSORT`, `GLOB_BRACE`, `GLOB_NOMAGIC`, `GLOB_QUOTE`, `GLOB_TILDE`, `GLOB_CSH`, `GLOB_ALPHASORT`

DIAGNOSTICS
  `GLOB_NOSPACE`, `GLOB_ABEND`

NOTES
AUTHOR

## File::Path - create or remove directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

## File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

## File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  devnull

tmpdir

path

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

## File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Exports
SEE ALSO

## File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

file_name_is_absolute

path

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

## File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

no_upwards

case_tolerant

file_name_is_absolute

path

join

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

## File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  eliminate_macros

fixpath

Methods always loaded
  canonpath (override)

catdir

catfile

curdir (override)

devnull (override)

rootdir (override)

tmpdir (override)

updir (override)

case_tolerant (override)

path (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

splitpath (override)

splitdir (override)

catpath (override)

abs2rel (override)

rel2abs (override)

SEE ALSO

## File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  devnull

tmpdir

catfile

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

SEE ALSO

## File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely

PORTABILITY
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

FUNCTIONS
  tempfile

tempdir

MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
  mkstemp

mkstemps

mkdtemp

mktemp

POSIX FUNCTIONS
  tmpnam

tmpfile

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
  tempnam

UTILITY FUNCTIONS
  unlink0

PACKAGE VARIABLES
  safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH

TopSystemUID

WARNING
  Temporary files and NFS
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `stat()` functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

## FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

## FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

SEE ALSO

## FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

## GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO

## Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Command Line Options, an Introduction
Getting Started with Getopt::Long
  Simple options
  A little bit less simple options
  Mixing command line option with other arguments
  Options with values
  Options with multiple values
  Options with hash values
  User-defined subroutines to handle options
  Options with multiple names
  Case and abbreviations
  Summary of Option Specifications
    !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]

Advanced Possibilities
  Object oriented interface
  Documentation and help texts
  Storing options in a hash
  Bundling
  The lonesome dash
  Argument call-back
Configuring Getopt::Long
  default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)

Return values and Errors
Legacy
  Default destinations
  Alternative option starters
  Configuration variables
Trouble Shooting
  Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
  GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

## Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## IO - load various IO modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

METHODS
  open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

METHODS
  $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

## IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [READER, WRITER] )

METHODS
  reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell

HISTORY

## IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ HANDLES ] )

METHODS
  add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )
  METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  hostpath(), `peerpath()`

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

METHODS
  open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

SEE ALSO
HISTORY

## IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

METHODS
  $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

## IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [READER, WRITER] )

METHODS
  reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell

HISTORY

## IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ HANDLES ] )

METHODS
  add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )
  METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
  new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS
  hostpath(), `peerpath()`

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO

## IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING

## IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  ftok( PATH, ID )

SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

## IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
  new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

## Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is performed

BUGS
AUTHOR

## Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Canonical notation, Input, Output

EXAMPLES
Autocreating constants
BUGS
AUTHOR

## Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPERATIONS
CREATION
STRINGIFICATION
  CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
USAGE
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
BUGS
AUTHORS

## Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
  tan
  ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
  SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
  COORDINATE SYSTEMS
    - -D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
      cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

## NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

SYNOPSIS
  `O_RDONLY`, `O_WRONLY`, `O_RDWR`

DIAGNOSTICS
  `ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...`
BUGS AND WARNINGS

## Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  Functions
    Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

WARNING
NOTES

## Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

## Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

## Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

## Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

## O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR

## ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

SYNOPSIS
  `O_RDONLY`, `O_WRONLY`, `O_RDWR`

DIAGNOSTICS
  `odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...`
BUGS AND WARNINGS

## Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists
  an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)

Opcode Functions
  opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)

Predefined Opcode Tags
  :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous

SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

## Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING
  RECENT CHANGES
  Methods in class Safe
    permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

  Some Safety Issues
    Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

  AUTHOR

## Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

## POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
  _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

CLASSES
  POSIX::SigAction
    new

  POSIX::SigSet
    new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

  POSIX::Termios
    new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values

PATHNAME CONSTANTS
  Constants

POSIX CONSTANTS
  Constants

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
  Constants

ERRNO
  Constants

FCNTL
  Constants

FLOAT
  Constants

LIMITS
  Constants

LOCALE
  Constants

MATH
  Constants

SIGNAL
  Constants

STAT
  Constants, Macros

STDLIB
  Constants

STDIO
  Constants

TIME
  Constants

UNISTD
  Constants

WAIT
  Constants, Macros

## Pod::Checker, `podchecker()` - check pod documents for syntax errors

SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
  `podchecker()`
    -warnings => val

DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
  Errors
    empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command ``CMD'', Unknown interior-sequence ``SEQ'', nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious `character(s)` after =back

  Warnings
    multiple occurence of link target name, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped `<>` in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section

  Hyperlinks
    ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /

RETURN VALUE
EXAMPLES
INTERFACE

`Pod::Checker->new( %options )`

`$checker->poderror( @args )`, `$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )`

`$checker->num_errors()`

`$checker->name()`

`$checker->node()`

`$checker->idx()`

`$checker->hyperlink()`

AUTHOR

## Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

`pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )`
  `-verbose => 1`, `-perl => 1`, `-script => 1`, `-inc => 1`

`simplify_name( $str )`

`pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )`
  `-inc => 1`, `-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]`, `-verbose => 1`

`contains_pod( $file , $verbose )`

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS
  backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose

EXAMPLE
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

## Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
  package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree

Pod::InputSource

new()

name()

handle()

was_cutting()

Pod::Paragraph

Pod::Paragraph->new()

$pod_para->cmd_name()

$pod_para->text()

$pod_para->raw_text()

$pod_para->cmd_prefix()

$pod_para->cmd_separator()

$pod_para->parse_tree()

$pod_para->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence

Pod::InteriorSequence->new()

$pod_seq->cmd_name()

$pod_seq->prepend()

$pod_seq->append()

$pod_seq->nested()

$pod_seq->raw_text()

$pod_seq->left_delimiter()

$pod_seq->right_delimiter()

$pod_seq->parse_tree()

$pod_seq->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()

Pod::ParseTree

Pod::ParseTree->new()

$ptree->top()

$ptree->children()

$ptree->prepend()

$ptree->append()

$ptree->raw_text()

Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

OBJECT METHODS
  `initialize`

Data Accessors
  AddPreamble

AddPostamble

Head1Level

Label

LevelNoNum

MakeIndex

ReplaceNAMEwithSection

StartWithNewPage

TableOfContents

UniqueLabels

UserPreamble

UserPostamble

Lists

Subclassed methods

begin_pod

end_pod

command

verbatim

textblock

interior_sequence

List Methods
  begin_list

end_list

add_item

Methods for headings
  head

Internal methods
  _output

_replace_special_chars

_create_label

_create_index

_clean_latex_commands

NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION

## Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, release, section

DIAGNOSTICS
  roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not ``%s'', Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification ``%s'', %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'', Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'' on line %d, Unmatched =back

BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Pod::List
  Pod::List->`new()`

$list->`file()`

$list->`start()`

$list->`indent()`

$list->`type()`

$list->`rx()`

$list->`item()`

$list->`parent()`

$list->`tag()`

Pod::Hyperlink
  Pod::Hyperlink->`new()`

$link->`parse($string)`

$link->`markup($string)`

$link->`text()`

$link->`warning()`

$link->file(), $link->`line()`

$link->`page()`

$link->`node()`

$link->`alttext()`

$link->`type()`

$link->`link()`

Pod::Cache
  Pod::Cache->`new()`

$cache->`item()`

$cache->`find_page($name)`

Pod::Cache::Item
  Pod::Cache::Item->`new()`

$cacheitem->`page()`

$cacheitem->`description()`

$cacheitem->`path()`

$cacheitem->`file()`

$cacheitem->`nodes()`

$cacheitem->`find_node($name)`

$cacheitem->`idx()`

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
PARSING OPTIONS
  -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)

RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

command()
  `$cmd`, `$text`, `$line_num`, `$pod_para`

verbatim()
  `$text`, `$line_num`, `$pod_para`

textblock()
  `$text`, `$line_num`, `$pod_para`

interior_sequence()

OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

new()

initialize()

begin_pod()

begin_input()

end_input()

end_pod()

preprocess_line()

preprocess_paragraph()

METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

parse_text()
  -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-name

interpolate()

parse_paragraph()

parse_from_filehandle()

parse_from_file()

ACCESSOR METHODS

errorsub()

cutting()

parseopts()

output_file()

output_handle()

input_file()

input_handle()

input_streams()

top_stream()

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_push_input_stream()

_pop_input_stream()

TREE-BASED PARSING
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  EXPORT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

## Pod::Select, `podselect()` - extract selected sections of POD from input

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

OBJECT METHODS

curr_headings()

select()

add_selection()

clear_selections()

match_section()

is_selected()

EXPORTED FUNCTIONS

podselect()
  -output, -sections, -ranges

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_compile_section_spec()

$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width

DIAGNOSTICS
  Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification ``%s'', %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'', Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back

RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Pod::Usage, `pod2usage()` - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation

SYNOPSIS
ARGUMENTS
  `-message`, `-msg`, `-exitval`, `-verbose`, `-output`, `-input`, `-pathlist`

DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
  Recommended Use
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

## SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  `O_RDONLY`, `O_WRONLY`, `O_RDWR`

DIAGNOSTICS
  `sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...`
BUGS AND WARNINGS

## Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING
  RECENT CHANGES
  Methods in class Safe
    permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

  Some Safety Issues
    Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

  AUTHOR

## Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The __DATA__ token
  SelfLoader autoloading
  Autoloading and package lexicals
  SelfLoader and AutoLoader
  __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
  Classes and inherited methods.
Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

## Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
AUTHOR

## Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

## Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX `syslog(3)` calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX `syslog(3)` calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
  Invalid attribute name %s, Name ``%s'' used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword ``%s'' not allowed while ``strict subs'' in use

RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
AUTHORS

## Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES

## Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>

DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR

## Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline` packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions
  `ReadLine`, `new`, `readline`, `addhistory`, `IN`, $`OUT`, `MinLine`, `findConsole`, Attribs, `Features`

Additional supported functions
  `tkRunning`, `ornaments`, `newTTY`

EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT

## Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TEST TYPES
  NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS

RETURN VALUE
ONFAIL
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

## Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  The test script output
EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS
  `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s`, `FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.`, `Test returned status %d (wstat %d)`, `Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s`, `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s`

ENVIRONMENT
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
BUGS

## Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE

## Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
AUTHORS

## Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

## Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix `expand(1)` and `unexpand(1)`

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

## Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

## Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)

CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
  new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield

METHODS
  join, eval, detach, equal, tid

LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO

## Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
  new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending

SEE ALSO

## Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
  new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

## Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

## Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

## Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST

CAVEATS
AUTHOR

## Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this

MORE INFORMATION
COMPATIBILITY

## Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

CAVEATS
MORE INFORMATION

## Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO

## Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this

MORE INFORMATION

## Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS

## Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS

## Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `gmtime()` function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

## Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in `localtime()` function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

## Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

## UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )

## User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

## User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
  System Specifics
NOTE
AUTHOR
HISTORY
  March 18th, 2000

## Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions

DESCRIPTION
  Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
    Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)

## XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

# AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid

# AUTHOR

Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents