Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION

# NAME

Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

# SYNOPSIS

        use Cwd;
        $dir = cwd;

        use Cwd;
        $dir = getcwd;

        use Cwd;
        $dir = fastcwd;

        use Cwd;
        $dir = fastgetcwd;

        use Cwd 'chdir';
        chdir "/tmp";
        print $ENV{'PWD'};

        use Cwd 'abs_path';     # aka realpath()
        print abs_path($ENV{'PWD'});

        use Cwd 'fast_abs_path';
        print fast_abs_path($ENV{'PWD'});

# DESCRIPTION

This module provides functions for determining the pathname of the current working directory. By default, it exports the functions cwd(), getcwd(), fastcwd(), and `fastgetcwd()` into the caller's namespace. Each of these functions are called without arguments and return the absolute path of the current working directory. It is recommended that cwd (or another *cwd() function) be used in all code to ensure portability.

The `cwd()` is the most natural and safe form for the current architecture. For most systems it is identical to `pwd` (but without the trailing line terminator).

The `getcwd()` function re-implements the `getcwd(3)` (or `getwd(3))` functions in Perl.

The `fastcwd()` function looks the same as getcwd(), but runs faster. It's also more dangerous because it might conceivably `chdir()` you out of a directory that it can't `chdir()` you back into. If fastcwd encounters a problem it will return undef but will probably leave you in a different directory. For a measure of extra security, if everything appears to have worked, the `fastcwd()` function will check that it leaves you in the same directory that it started in. If it has changed it will `die` with the message ``Unstable directory path, current directory changed unexpectedly''. That should never happen.

The `fastgetcwd()` function is provided as a synonym for cwd().

The `abs_path()` function takes a single argument and returns the absolute pathname for that argument. It uses the same algorithm as getcwd(). (Actually, `getcwd()` is `abs_path(``.''))` Symbolic links and relative-path components (``.'' and ``..'') are resolved to return the canonical pathname, just like realpath(3). This function is also callable as realpath().

The `fast_abs_path()` function looks the same as `abs_path()` but runs faster and, like fastcwd(), is more dangerous.

If you ask to override your `chdir()` built-in function, then your PWD environment variable will be kept up to date. (See Overriding Builtin Functions in the perlsub manpage.) Note that it will only be kept up to date if all packages which use chdir import it from Cwd.

Cwd - get pathname of current working directory